The Influence of Catharanthus Roseus (L.) G. Don. Ethanol Extract in Clove Oil Nanoemulsion: Physical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop a topical nanoemulsion using clove oil and ethanol extract of catharanthus roseus (L.) G. for antioxidant and antibacterial dosage form. Methods: The nanoemulsion was produced using a spontaneous emulsification method. The formulation was carried out using tween 80 and pluronic 127 as surfactants with different extract concentrations (0.5–2%). The characterizations of the formula included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH determination, emulsion type, viscosity, particle size determination, zeta potential, and stability test were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH method and antibacterial activity was determined against propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: The result showed that all the formulations produced a stable nanoemulsion with semisolid, clarity, transparent and homogenous characteristic. The nanoemulsion had pH of 5.5-6.5 and belong to oil in water (O/W) type of emulsion. The formula showed viscosity ranged from 121.33±0.29 until 211.01±1.00 cps, had particle size below than 300 nm, and were stable for 3 mo of storage and after accelerated evaluation. nanoemulsion contained 2% of c. roseus extract showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 96.29±3.64 and antibacterial activity with 10.65±0.15 and 13.27±0.21 mm of inhibition zones for propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Conclusion: Clove oil combined with the ethanol extract of c. roseus produced a stable nanoemulsion, which demonstrated concentration-dependent antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Design and Development of Nanoemulsion of Smilax China for Anti-Psoriasis Activity

“…The zeta potential is an important index of the stability of nanoemulsion because it quantifies the electrostatic barriers, which could prevent the nanoparticle from aggregation and agglomeration; higher positive or negative zeta potential values causes higher repulsive forces where electrostatic repulsion between particles with the same charges which avoid aggregation of the particle and thus confirms easy dispersion [59][60][61][62][63][64]. The zeta potential values of all formulations were found with the help of zeta sizer nano ZEN2600 (Malvern, UK) between-15.76 mV and-22.97 mV.…”

Polyherbal Formulation Optimization From Clitoria Ternatea, Rosmarinus Officinalis and Aquilaria Malaccensis Using Simplex Lattice Design

“…This condition can occur due to the extraction method using an ultrasonic bath. Ultrasonic baths are more economical and easy to handle, but their low reproducibility restricts their use in the extraction [46].…”