The influence of cavitation on the flow characteristics of liquid nitrogen through spray nozzles: A CFD study

Xue, Renyu; Ruan, Yixiao; Liu, Xiufang; Cao, Feng; Hou, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.07.003

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In other words, subcooled conditions delay or even suppress cavitation. This characteristic behavior was also highlighted in the numerical study performed by Xue [22] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

On the influence of thermal phenomena during cavitation through an orifice

Esposito

Peveroni

Gouriet

et al. 2021

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Thermal properties of cryogenic fluids can profoundly change the nature of cavitation since the fluid pressure drop is not, anymore, the only driving parameter of this phenomenon.In this research, we have conducted experiments inducing cavitation via a cylindrical orifice using Liquid Nitrogen as working fluid and exploring cavitation regimes going from bubbly cavitation to full flashing. Among others, we performed unsteady pressure measurements to derive the speed of sound during cavitation and high-speed imaging to understand the evolution of the two-phase flow along the pipe.In our analysis we use five dimensionless numbers to describe the flow conditions upstream and downstream of the orifice, and the type of transition taking place across the orifice.In this paper, we show that the fluid initial subcooling level T sub upstream of the orifice and the superheat level Rp of the flow downstream of the orifice are two parameters essential to take into account the metastability of the fluid. Therefore, we propose a new semi-empirical model for predicting the effect of the fluid thermal properties on cavitation. Specifically, we define a parameter T which, multiplied by the saturation pressure at the inlet temperature, allows us to estimate the pressure reached at the orifice to cavitate.

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“…In other words, subcooled conditions delay or even suppress cavitation. This characteristic behavior was also highlighted in the numerical study performed by Xue [22] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

On the influence of thermal phenomena during cavitation through an orifice

Esposito

Peveroni

Gouriet

et al. 2021

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, it has been studied and discussed in many references. 19,20 Experimental results show that cryogenic cavitation has a “frosty” appearance. 8 Hord 21 reported the experimental results of a hydrofoil under cryogenic cavitation.…”

Section: Design Methods Of Tpanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design method of a two-phase annular nozzle in cryogenic liquid expander

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The two-phase annular nozzle is a critical component of liquid expanders. It matches the outlet of the first stage and the inlet of the second stage. A design method of two-phase annular nozzle involving a two-step process is proposed. Nonequilibrium effects are introduced by the area factor during the second process. The flashing in two-phase annular nozzle is simulated through the cavitation method and validated by the experimental results of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s nozzle and Hord’s hydrofoil. A forward flashing two-phase annular nozzle and a backward flashing two-phase nozzle are designed with different centerline angle distributions where they show a good agreement with the design. Forward flashing two-phase annular nozzle exhibits high curvature and nonuniformity. Backward flashing two-phase nozzle exhibits lower nonuniformity and a slightly higher boundary layer ratio, which shows a better performance in terms of the nonequilibrium effects.

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“…The convective heat transfer and the external radiation heat transfer were prescribed for these walls, as the thermal boundary conditions. The heat transfer coefficient was specified as 5 W/(m 2 ·k) and the external emissivity was fixed at 0.9, according to [27].…”

Section: Computational Geometry and Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of the Effects of Injection Fluctuations on Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cooling

et al. 2019

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Spray cooling with liquid nitrogen is increasingly utilized as an efficient approach to achieve cryogenic cooling. Effects of injection mass flow rate fluctuations on the evaporation, temperature distribution, and droplet distribution of a spray field were examined by employing a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical model. The numerical results indicated that injection fluctuations enhanced the volume-averaging turbulent kinetic energy and promoted the evaporation of the whole spray field. The strengthened mass and heat transfer between the liquid nitrogen droplets and the surrounding vapor created by the fluctuating injection led to a lower temperature of the whole volume. A relatively smaller droplet size and a more inhomogeneous droplet distribution were obtained under the unsteady inlet. The changes of the frequency and the amplitude of the fluctuations had little effects on the overall spray development. The results could enrich the knowledge of the relation between the inevitable fluctuations and the overall spray development and the cooling performance in a practical spray cooling system with cryogenic fluids.

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The influence of cavitation on the flow characteristics of liquid nitrogen through spray nozzles: A CFD study

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

On the influence of thermal phenomena during cavitation through an orifice

On the influence of thermal phenomena during cavitation through an orifice

Design method of a two-phase annular nozzle in cryogenic liquid expander

Numerical Study of the Effects of Injection Fluctuations on Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cooling

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