The influence of cellular source on periodontal regeneration using calcium phosphate coated polycaprolactone scaffold supported cell sheets

Abstract

Cell-based therapy is considered a promising approach to achieving predictable periodontal regeneration. In this study, the regenerative potential of cell sheets derived from different parts of the periodontium (gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament) were investigated in an athymic rat periodontal defect model. Periodontal ligament (PDLC), alveolar bone (ABC) and gingival margin-derived cells (GMC) were obtained from human donors. The osteogenic potential of the primary cultures was demonstrated in vitro. Cell sheets supported by a calcium phosphate coated melt electrospun polycaprolactone (CaP-PCL) scaffold were transplanted to denuded root surfaces in surgically created periodontal defects, and allowed to heal for 1 and 4 weeks. The CaP-PCL scaffold alone was able to promote alveolar bone formation within the defect after 4 weeks. The addition of ABC and PDLC sheets resulted in significant periodontal attachment formation. The GMC sheets did not promote periodontal regeneration on the root surface and inhibited bone formation within the CaP-PCL scaffold. In conclusion, the combination of either PDLC or ABC sheets with a CaP-PCL scaffold could promote periodontal regeneration, but ABC sheets were not as effective as PDLC sheets in promoting new attachment formation.

Effects of short-term inflammatory and/or hypoxic pretreatments on periodontal ligament stem cells: in vitro and in vivo studies

“…Moreover, the cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in an intact sheet play an essential role in maintaining their cell genomic stability as 'building blocks' and their biochemical signaling and modulation of stem cell behavior toward therapeutic regeneration (Patel and Zhang 2014;Wu et al 2015). Most importantly, cell sheets make delivering and securing PDLSCs onto the tooth root surface possible, which is a key to PDL tissue regeneration (Dan et al 2014). Therefore, the identification of an appropriate technique for enhancing sheet production from PDLSCs has attracted growing interest (Wei et al 2012;Gao et al 2013).…”

“…The creation of periodontal defects for tissue regeneration analysis was performed as described in previous studies (Yang et al 2010;Dan et al 2014). This animal experiment was performed with permission from the Animal Care Committee of FMMU.…”

“…Along with concerted efforts to produce predictable and reliable approaches to augment bone regeneration in intrabony bone defects, the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has provided new avenues to improve the clinical outcomes of periodontal regeneration using stem cell-based technologies (Chen and Jin 2010;Izumi et al 2011;Chen et al 2012;Lu et al 2013;Monsarrat et al 2014). In this context, stem cells derived from the PDL (PDLSCs) have been demonstrated to be effective in preclinical trials and have been suggested as the best cell type for periodontal tissue regeneration (Iwata et al 2010;Dangaria et al 2011;Tsumanuma et al 2011;Dan et al 2014). Despite several small-scale pilot/feasibility studies that have been performed in humans (Feng et al 2010;Chen et al 2016), the clinical use of PDLSCs for periodontal regeneration still faces numerous challenges (Hynes et al 2012;Lu et al 2013).…”

The Scope of Stem Cells in Periodontal Regeneration

“…Further Co-culturing and micro-patterning of different types of cells are under trials for creation of more tissue-like materials which would give better results than single cell-sheets [95]. Also several researchers have attempted to incorporate biocompatible scaffolds like hyaluronic acid, fibrin gel and ceramic bovine bone to the fragile cell sheets also referred to as scaffold based cell sheet technology to improve the results following cell sheet engineering [95,96]. Hence cell sheets of the following types have been manufactured till date- …”

Fabrication and Characterization of Decellularized Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheet Constructs

“…Recently, periodontal ligament cell sheets prepared in vitro and delivered using a novel biphasic polycaprolactone ( PCL ) scaffold were shown to be capable of simultaneous regeneration of bone and periodontal ligament [ 4 ]. Furthermore, periodontal ligament cells were shown to be superior to other periodontal tissue sources (alveolar bone, gingiva) in promoting new functional periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and new cementum formation in a surgically created rat periodontal defect model [ 5 ].…”