The Influence of Chronic Pain on Number Sense and Numeric Rating Scale: A prospective Cohort Study

Majedi, Hossein; Mohammadi, Mehdi; Tafakhori, Abbas; Khazaeipour, Zahra

doi:10.5812/aapm.103532

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“… 6 , 25 , 41 , 42 In addition, the incorrect response rates of the FPS-R are consistently low across all populations in which these rates have been evaluated. 7 , 37 Critically, this cannot be said of every measure, including the NRS-11, 8 perhaps, in part, because of the negative impact that pain can have on an individual’s “number sense.” 43–45 Although the FPS-R is not the measure that tends to be preferred over the others, 15 , 26 , 29 the lack of preference for the FPS-R has not translated to a lack of validity or a lack of ability to use the measure. Arguably, validity and ability to use a measure without errors are more important than preference when selecting a measure to use in clinical or research settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Utility of Four Pain Intensity Measures for Use in International Research

Atisook

Euasobhon

Saengsanon

et al. 2021

JPR

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Background The majority of previous research that has examined the validity of pain intensity rating scales has been conducted in western and developed countries. Research to evaluate the generalizability of previous findings in non-developed countries is necessary for identifying the scales that are most appropriate for use in international research. Purpose The aims of the current study were to (1) evaluate the validity and utility of four commonly used measures of pain intensity in a sample of patients with chronic pain from Thailand and (2) compare findings in the current sample with published findings from research conducted in other countries, in order to identify the measure or measures which might be most appropriate for cross-country research. Methods Three hundred and sixty patients with chronic pain seen in a hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, were asked to rate their current pain and average, worst, and least pain intensity in the past week using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 6-point Verbal Rating Scale (VRS-6), 0–10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11), and Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). We evaluated the utility and validity of each measure by examining the (1) rates of correct responding and (2) association of each measure with a factor score representing the variance shared across measures, respectively. We also evaluated the associations between incorrect response rates and both age and education level, and then compared the findings from this sample with the findings from research conducted in other countries. Results The results indicated support for the validity of all measures among participants who were able to use these measures. However, there was variability in the incorrect response rates, with the VAS having the highest (45%) and the NRS-11 having the lowest (15%) incorrect response rates. The VAS was also the least preferred (9%) and the NRS-11 the most preferred (52%) scale. Education and age were significantly associated with incorrect response rates, and education level with scale preference. Conclusion The findings indicate that the NRS-11 has the most utility in our sample of Thai individuals with chronic pain. However, when considered in light of the findings from other countries, the results of this study suggest that the FPS-R may have the most utility for use in cross-cultural and international research. Research in additional samples in developing countries is needed to evaluate the generalizability of the current findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and Utility of Four Pain Intensity Measures for Use in International Research

Atisook

Euasobhon

Saengsanon

et al. 2021

JPR

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“…12 Patients may choose to give a low number from 0 to 10, not necessarily because of a limited amount of pain but because of other barriers such as fear of addiction, underestimation of analgesic abilities, reaction to analgesics, cultural beliefs, and cognitive barriers. 13,14 Pain is a complex sensory experience that can affect all aspects of a person's life. Although pain is universal, it is, at the same time, strictly individual.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the Face Validity of the Pain Numeric Rating Scale Among Healthcare Providers

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Venkatachalam

Aguilera

et al. 2021

Journal of Neuroscience Nursing

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BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers (HCPs) use the numeric rating scale (NRS) under the assumption that it provides reliable information from which to make decisions regarding analgesic administration. METHODS: We explored the face validity of the NRS using a prospective single-blinded observational design. Pre and post NRS scores were obtained from HCPs who submerged their hand in a bucket of ice water (pain stimulus). RESULTS: Despite a consistent similar pain source, individual HCPs rated their pain very differently (range, 2–10), and there was a significant difference in self-estimated pain tolerance (μ = 7.06 [SD, 1.43]) and actual pain scores (μ = 6.35 [SD, 2.2]; t = 4.08, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a limitation in the face validity of the NRS. The high variance in NRS scores reaffirms the subjectivity of pain perception and brings into question the utility of using NRS scores when determining analgesic dosages.

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“…To control for the potential effects of age and mood on pain, age, years of education, and levels of depressive symptoms [42], anxiety [43], and fatigue [43] were also assessed. These covariates were chosen based on the in uence of cognitive processes, depression, anxiety, and fatigue on perceived pain [44,45].…”

Section: Covariate Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Repair/Oxidative Stress Genes and Pain in Cancer Survivors on Aromatase Inhibitors

Wagner

Koleck

Conway

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose Pain is a problem in women with breast cancer prescribed aromatase inhibitors (AIs). DNA repair/oxidative stress genes are implicated in the development of pain and cancer. This study examined the relationship between polymorphisms in DNA repair/oxidative stress genes and pain in postmenopausal women with breast cancer over time. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of select DNA repair/oxidative stress genes were genotyped, and perceived average pain was assessed in women with breast cancer prior to and throughout adjuvant therapy (AI ± chemotherapy; n = 138) and healthy controls (n = 81). Cragg two-equation hurdle regression was used to evaluate the relationship between each associated allele and (1) chances of having any pain, and (2) pain severity ≥ 1. Results As the number of associated alleles increased, so did odds of any pain and pain severity. At baseline, odds of pain were associated with allele combinations from four SNPs (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.16–1.92; p < 0.001), while greater severity was associated with alleles from three SNPs (CME = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16–0.50; p < 0.001). After 6 months, a combination of alleles from six genes impacted the odds of any pain (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.04–1.48; p = 0.018), but severity was not associated. Conclusions SNPs in DNA repair/oxidative stress pathways play a role in odds of pain prior to AI therapy and at 6 months, but different SNPs are associated at different timepoints. Implication for Cancer Survivors - Biomarker testing for implicated SNPs can be used to detect individuals at risk for cancer pain development. These individuals can be provided prophylactic pain interventions to decrease pain severity.

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The Influence of Chronic Pain on Number Sense and Numeric Rating Scale: A prospective Cohort Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Validity and Utility of Four Pain Intensity Measures for Use in International Research

Validity and Utility of Four Pain Intensity Measures for Use in International Research

Exploring the Face Validity of the Pain Numeric Rating Scale Among Healthcare Providers

DNA Repair/Oxidative Stress Genes and Pain in Cancer Survivors on Aromatase Inhibitors

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