The Influence of Cold Caustic Extraction on the Purity, Accessibility and Reactivity of Dissolving‐Grade Pulp

Dou, Xiaoli; Tang, Yong

doi:10.1002/slct.201701551

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Bleaching is usually one of the largest water consumer stages in pulp production. Based on the pulp quality and final requirements, different process configurations of the bleach plant have been used by the industry, such as different types and amounts of chemicals . A ClO 2 generator is simulated in this study since most mills have on-site production of chlorine dioxide .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ClO 2 generator is simulated in this study since most mills have on-site production of chlorine dioxide . The models for DP acetate grades include a CCE used to remove hemicellulose and lignin using an alkali concentration of 8–10% and temperatures of 25–40 °C, according to the literature. ,, The models for DP viscose grades and SW pulp production do not have a CCE stage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Dissolving Pulps

Echeverria

Venditti

Jameel

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Dissolving pulp (DP) is a specialty pulp product from a variety of lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., hardwoods (HW) and softwoods (SW)) with a broad range of applications. Conducting life cycle assessment (LCA) for DP end applications (e.g., textile products, specialty plastics) is challenging due to the lack of life cycle inventory (LCI) data and environmental information associated with different grades. This research addresses this challenge using process simulations to generate LCI for different DP grades (e.g., acetate and viscose) made from HW and SW, respectively. The LCA results show that biomass feedstock directly affects the environmental impacts of DP. For instance, HW acetate grade has higher global warming potential than SW acetate but lower environmental impacts in other categories related to ecosystems and human health. This HW versus SW comparison has similar results for viscose DP in all impact categories except eutrophication. Additionally, a hotspot analysis identifies that on-site emissions and chemicals are the main contributors to the environmental impacts across all grades in this study. The results and LCI data generated in this work provide critical information to support future LCA and sustainability assessment for end-products derived from DP.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Dissolving Pulps

Echeverria

Venditti

Jameel

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Comparing the formation of carbonyl groups in the two pulps, a larger increase in carbonyl content can be seen for the CCE pulp, Figure 7. A reason for this could be an increase in porosity due to the removal of low molecular weight compounds which, in turn, would lead to an increase in accessible surface area in the never-dried state for the CCE pulp (Dou and Tang 2017).…”

Section: Cold Caustic Extracted Pulpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hardwood kraft pulp fibre oxidation using acidic hydrogen peroxide

Martinsson

Hasani

Theliander

2021

Nordic Pulp &Amp; Paper Research Journal

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Gaining insight into the oxidation of hardwood kraft fibres using hydrogen peroxide at mildly acidic conditions was the main aim of this study. The oxidized hardwood pulp had an increased number of carbonyl groups and, when formed into sheets, an enhanced durability in water was seen due to the formation of cross-links, known as hemiacetals. The carbonyl groups formed were found to be mainly ketones with the exception of the case with longer reaction times (60–90 minutes) at 85 °C, where aldehydes were detected. Through compositional analysis it was found that mainly xylan was oxidized, likely due to the higher amount of xylan close to the surface of the fibre wall. The influence of xylan on the oxidation process was investigated using cold caustic extraction (CCE) performed prior to oxidation. When the CCE pulp was oxidized, there was an increased rate of introduced carbonyl groups and degradation was more pronounced. This is likely due to the accessible surface area being increased, caused by the formation of pores when the lower molecular weight xylan was being extracted during CCE.

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“…The accessibility is an intrinsic property of the pulp, which depends on several chemical and structural features that could be roughly defined as the ease with which the reaction sites (functional groups) can be reached by the chemical agents [ 25 ]. The accessibility of cellulose fibers is critical for the reactivity of cellulosic pulps, and it is affected by many other inter-related and complex factors as fiber morphology, cell wall architecture, pore system, surface area, supramolecular structure, chemical composition, and molecular weight [ 26 , 27 ]. In this area, and considering the growing demand for cellulose derivative materials such as CNCs for sustainable industrial applications, more studies dealing with its quality and subsequent behavior are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Eucalyptus Species on the Structural and Thermal Performance of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) Isolated by Acid Hydrolysis

Cháfer

Reyes-Contreras

Barra³

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are attractive materials due to their renewable nature, high surface-to-volume ratio, crystallinity, biodegradability, anisotropic performance, or available hydroxyl groups. However, their source and obtaining pathway determine their subsequent performance. This work evaluates cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained from four different eucalyptus species by acid hydrolysis, i.e., E. benthamii, E. globulus, E. smithii, and the hybrid En × Eg. During preparation, CNCs incorporated sulphate groups to their structures, which highlighted dissimilar reactivities, as given by the calculated sulphate index (0.21, 0.97, 0.73 and 0.85, respectively). Although the impact of the incorporation of sulphate groups on the crystalline structure was committed, changes in the hydrophilicity and water retention ability or thermal stability were observed. These effects were also corroborated by the apparent activation energy during thermal decomposition obtained through kinetic analysis. Low-sulphated CNCs (E. benthamii) involved hints of a more crystalline structure along with less water retention ability, higher thermal stability, and greater average apparent activation energy (233 kJ·mol−1) during decomposition. Conversely, the high-sulphated species (E. globulus) involved higher reactivity during preparation that endorsed a little greater water retention ability and lower thermal stability, with subsequently less average apparent activation energy (185 kJ·mol−1). The E. smithii (212 kJ·mol−1) and En × Eg (196 kJ·mol−1) showed an intermediate behavior according to their sulphate index.

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The Influence of Cold Caustic Extraction on the Purity, Accessibility and Reactivity of Dissolving‐Grade Pulp

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Process Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Dissolving Pulps

Process Simulation-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Dissolving Pulps

Hardwood kraft pulp fibre oxidation using acidic hydrogen peroxide

The Role of Eucalyptus Species on the Structural and Thermal Performance of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) Isolated by Acid Hydrolysis

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