The influence of cooling rate on condensation of iron, aluminum, and uranium oxide nanoparticles

Experimental Set-up for the Study of Chemical Fractionation and Aerosol Dynamics

“…The new system revealed the impact of oxygen abundance in the fractionation of uranium products in the gas and particle phase. More importantly, the results highlighted the deviation caused by gas phase chemistry (e.g., oxidation) from chemical equilibrium during the rapid cooling processes (Koroglu et al, 2020) Koroglu, B., Finko, M., Saggese, C., Wagnon, S., Foster, S., McGuffin, D., et al (2022). The influence of cooling rate on condensation of iron, aluminum, and uranium oxide nanoparticles.…”

“…Subsequent studies and the development of efficient computational models have advanced our ability to predict mass and heat transfer and aerosol dynamics in the fireball and the development of chemical fractionation (Freiling, 1963a(Freiling, , 1963b(Freiling, , 1966(Freiling, , 1969Koroglu, et al, 2017Koroglu, et al, , 2018Koroglu, et al, , 2020Koroglu, et al, , 2022Moresco, 2020Moresco, , 2021. Many unknowns remain and more data are needed to improve our understandings of the relevant physical-chemical processes, as well as to validate high-power aerosol dynamics simulation models recently developed for the nuclear bursts.…”

“…At the same time, the reactor should provide a rapid cooling rate to capture the fate and transport of radioactive materials. Koroglu and his colleagues developed a plasma flow reactor that can monitor fast physical and chemical processes at high temperatures (~5000K) (Koroglu et al, 2020;Koroglu et al, 2022;Koroglu et al, 2017;Koroglu et al, 2018). Figure 2 (top) shows the schematic diagram of their flow reactor, developed from a commercial inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometer with a plasma torch with a Radiofrequency (RF) ICP at 40 MHZ.…”

“…Figure 2. (Top) Schematic diagram of the plasma flow reactor adapted fromKoroglu, B., Finko, M., Saggese, C., Wagnon, S., Foster, S., McGuffin, D., et al (2022). The influence of cooling rate on condensation of iron, aluminum, and uranium oxide nanoparticles.…”

Gas-phase oxidation and nanoparticle formation in multi-element laser ablation plumes

“…1 At later times, NPs nucleate, grow, and coalesce, forming fractal NP agglomerates. While molecular and NP formation in LA plumes has been explored previously, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] limited experimental work has been able to characterize gas to solid phase processes in bi-and multielement LA plumes. 10 In part, this gap is due to the challenging nature of tracking the progression from ions and atoms, diatoms, larger molecules, aerosols, and finally particulates, which requires multiple complementary techniques that together cover several orders of magnitude in time.…”