One-dimensional organic-inorganic nanostructure has gained extensive attention among photo and photoelectronic applications. Organic and inorganic (metal or semiconductor) nanowires that could, through bottom-up fabrication, as well as template directed synthesis, enable diverse applications in nanoscale electronics and photoelectronics. In comparison, semiconductor organic-inorganic hybrid nanowires have initiated a growing aspect due to their improved photoelectronic and photovoltaic devices as well as light-controlled properties. The motivation of this perspective is to describe the fundamental principles and photonic applications on hybrid nanowires, in which synthesis and light-controlled properties of hybrid organic-inorganic semiconductor nanowires was highlighted.