The influence of cutting technique on the magnetic properties of electrical steels

Emura, M.; Landgraf, Fernando José Gomes; Ross, William H.; Barreta, J.R

doi:10.1016/s0304-8853(02)00856-9

Cited by 128 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…For example, the skin depth increases with resistance (hence, with Si-content), but it is inversely dependant on frequency [92] , and losses would increase if the grain size is too small, even at high frequencies, but the grain size is influenced by silicon content [93 and 94] . Even the way of cutting the piece seems to have an important influence in hysteresis [95] . One of the positive influences of silicon in the alloy, with respect the magnetic properties, is the increase in resistivity while at the same time reducing magnetostriction and energy loss [10 and 96] .…”

Section: Influence Of Ordering On Electric and Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys

Villafañe¹,

Houbaert²

2013

REVMETAL

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Silicon steel is an industrially-desired alloy of iron and silicon, characterised by soft magnetic properties, low eddy-current losses, and low magnetostriction. Silicon steels have narrow hysteresis cycles, making them particularly advantageous in applications using electromagnetic fields, such as transformers, generators, electric motor cores, and few other components in industry. Despite its incontestable industrial value, there is not much agreement on the atomic structure of silicon steel. Gaining better understanding of e.g. ordering processes in Fe-Si alloys could not only explain their magnetic properties, but also open opportunities to reduce their weaker characteristics, such as brittleness that adversely affects silicon steel workability and its associated high production costs. This review summarises the state-of-the-art knowledge about ordering in silicon steel and describes the most relevant experimental techniques used for studying its microstructure. In addition, the process of building the iron rich part of the Fe-Si phase diagram is explained. Lastly, the influence of order on the alloy's magnetic and mechanical properties is illustrated. KeywordsOrdering; Iron-silicon alloys; Intermetallic phases; Mechanical properties; Phase diagram. Revisión de fenómenos de orden en aleaciones hierro-silicio ResumenEl acero al silicio es una aleación de importancia industrial, caracterizada por propiedades magnéticas blandas, bajas pérdidas por corrientes de Foucault y baja magnetostricción. Los aceros al silicio tienen ciclo de histéresis estrecho, lo que es una ventaja en aplicaciones con campos electromagnéticos, como transformadores, generadores, núcleos de motores eléctricos y otros componentes industriales. A pesar de su incomparable valor industrial, no hay convenio sobre la estructura atómica del acero al silicio. Obtener mayor conocimiento sobre los procesos de orden no sólo podría explicar las propiedades magnéticas sino que también podría abrir vías para la reducción de sus características más débiles, como su fragilidad, la cual afecta negativamente a la fabricación del acero al silicio y se asocia con altos costes de producción. Esta revisión resume los últimos conocimientos sobre orden en acero al silicio y describe las técnicas experimentales más importantes usadas para estudiar su estructura. Además, se da una explicación sobre la construcción de la parte rica en hierro del diagrama de fases del Fe-Si. Por último se ilustra la influencia del orden en las propiedades magnéticas y mecánicas. Palabras claveOrden; Aleaciones hierro-silicio; Fases intermetálicas; Propiedades mecánicas; Diagrama de fases.

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Section: Influence Of Ordering On Electric and Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys

Villafañe¹,

Houbaert²

2013

REVMETAL

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“…It is well established that each cutting technique affects the properties of the cut zone differently [1]- [8]. When it comes to mechanical cutting, plastic deformation becomes clearly visible near the cut line, whereas laser cutting induces a thermal shock wave, which results in thermal stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, the material's magnetic properties near the cut are influenced. Microstructural changes at the cut edge have been intensively investigated through micro-hardness measurements, examination of grain morphology changes (with for instance optical microscopy) and evaluation of crystallographic texture variations as well as of misorientation gradients by using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) [1], [2], [4]. The variation of the magnetic flux distribution near the cut edge was also studied [3], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional Effects on Magnetic Properties of Fe–Si Steels Due to Laser and Mechanical Cutting

et al. 2010

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Abstract-Microstructural deterioration near the cut line and presence of residual stresses both affect the magnetic properties of cut parts. In this paper, the differences between microstructural deterioration resulting from mechanical and laser cutting as well as the sample size effects observed upon hysteresis shall be discussed. It shall be shown that the underlying mechanism for changes in magnetic properties due to mechanical cutting is distinct from that of laser cutting.

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“…8,9 During mechanical cutting, plastic deformation appears in the zone near the cutting edge. [10][11][12] On the contrary, laser cutting induces thermal stress due to temperature gradients within the material during processing, which finally also results in deterioration of the magnetic properties. [13][14][15][16] The knowledge of the type of the deterioration mechanism and the degree of the deterioration of magnetic property is important for designing electrical machines in terms of magnetic field and loss calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser remote cutting and surface treatment in manufacturing electrical machines—High productivity, flexibility, and perfect magnetic performance

Baumann

Siebert

Herwig

et al. 2015

Journal of Laser Applications

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From industrial electrical machine production, it is well known that processing of nonoriented electrical steels causes changes in the lattice and microstructure that also affect the magnetic structure. While applying these manufacturing techniques (punching or laser fusion cutting), mechanical and thermal stresses are induced due to elastic and plastic deformation or temperature gradients within the material. For more than 15 years, fusion cutting with CO2-lasers enabled a flexible and wear-free production but mostly for prototypes and small batches. Ten years ago, the development of diffraction limited solid-state lasers started and thus enabled laser remote cutting (LRC). Nowadays, industry demands sheet thicknesses between 0.35 and 0.5 mm due to the fact of eddy current loss reduction. Concerning this context, best choice is LRC. Within this work, latest results are presented in terms of resulting cutting speed, cutting edge quality, and magnetic properties. Cutting speed of LRC beats laser fusion cutting keeping the high rate of flexibility. The magnetic material properties of laser remote cut laminates are identical or even better to conventional punched parts. Therefore, the manufacturer has been given the possibility to tweak his process toward perfect magnetic behavior or high output volume. All in all, it will be possible to produce high efficient electrical machines regarding the application demands of the costumer.

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The influence of cutting technique on the magnetic properties of electrical steels

Cited by 128 publications

References 4 publications

A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys

A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys

Dimensional Effects on Magnetic Properties of Fe–Si Steels Due to Laser and Mechanical Cutting

Laser remote cutting and surface treatment in manufacturing electrical machines—High productivity, flexibility, and perfect magnetic performance

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The influence of cutting technique on the magnetic properties of electrical steels

Cited by 128 publications

References 4 publications

A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys

A review of ordering phenomena in iron-silicon alloys

Dimensional Effects on Magnetic Properties of Fe&#x2013;Si Steels Due to Laser and Mechanical Cutting

Laser remote cutting and surface treatment in manufacturing electrical machines—High productivity, flexibility, and perfect magnetic performance

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Dimensional Effects on Magnetic Properties of Fe–Si Steels Due to Laser and Mechanical Cutting