The influence of cylinder deactivation on the emissions and fuel economy of a four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine

Zammit, Jean-Paul; McGhee, Michael; Shayler, P. J.; Pegg, Ian

doi:10.1177/0954407013506182

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was shown in Ref. [18] to offer significant reductions in engine-out emissions of soot, CO and HC. Cylinder deactivation raised exhaust gas temperature, with the potential to raise the warm-up rate and operating temperature of after treatment components to the advantage of after treatment system performance at light loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effects of early inlet valve closing and cylinder disablement on fuel economy and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine

Zammit

McGhee

Shayler

et al. 2015

Energy

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a b s t r a c tThe influence of EIVC (early inlet valve closure) on emissions, fuel economy and exhaust gas temperature of a turbocharged, 4 cylinder common rail direct injection diesel engine has been investigated and compared with the influence of deactivating two cylinders. IVC (inlet valve closing) timings were set at up to 60 CA (crank angle) degrees earlier than the production setting of 37 ABDC for the engine. At the earliest timing, effective compression ratio was reduced from 15.2:1 to 13.7:1. The effects on emissions were significant only for EIVC settings at least 40 CA degrees earlier than the production setting, and were sensitive to engine load. At 2 bar BMEP (brake mean effective pressure) and fixed levels of NO x , soot emissions were reduced but CO (carbon monoxide) and HC (hydrocarbon) increased unless fuel rail pressure was reduced. With increasing load, soot reduction diminished and was negligible at 6 bar BMEP; CO and HC emissions deteriorated further. At all conditions, EIVC raised exhaust gas temperature by >50 C; the effect on fuel economy was negligible or a fuel economy penalty. Comparisons indicate cylinder deactivation is the more effective strategy for reducing engine-out emissions of HC and CO and raising exhaust gas temperature under light load operating conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The effects of early inlet valve closing and cylinder disablement on fuel economy and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine

Zammit

McGhee

Shayler

et al. 2015

Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Production diesel engines do not currently implement CDA. Previous work by several of the co-authors, and others, has shown that diesel engine CDA exhibits a beneficial thermal impact on the aftertreatment system (Leone and Pozar, 2001;Zammit et al, 2014;Ding et al, 2015;Garg et al, 2016;Joshi et al, 2017). Joshi et al demonstrated 3% fuel savings when CDA is implemented at idle during the heavy-duty federal test procedure (HDFTP) (Joshi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cylinder Deactivation and Cylinder Cutout via Flexible Valve Actuation on Fuel Efficient Aftertreatment Thermal Management at Curb Idle

et al. 2019

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Cylinder deactivation (CDA) and cylinder cutout are different operating strategies for diesel engines. CDA includes the deactivation of both the valve motions and the fuel injection of select cylinders, while cylinder cutout incorporates only fuel injection deactivation in select cylinders. This study compares diesel engine aftertreatment thermal management improvements possible via CDA and cylinder cutout at curb idle operation (800 RPM and 1.3 bar BMEP). Experiments and analysis demonstrated that both CDA and cylinder cutout enable improved fuel efficient "stay warm" thermal management compared to a stock thermal calibration on a Clean Idle Certified engine. At curb idle, this stock calibration depends on elevated exhaust manifold pressure to increase the required fueling (for thermal management) and to drive EGR. The study described here demonstrates that CDA does not require an elevated exhaust manifold pressure for thermal management or EGR delivery control, whereas cylinder cutout does. In addition to achieving engine-out NOx levels no higher than the stock thermal calibration, both cylinder cutout and CDA enable up to 55 and 80% reductions in particulate matter (PM), respectively. Cylinder cutout demonstrates 17% fuel savings, while CDA demonstrates 40% fuel savings, over the stock six-cylinder thermal calibration. These fuel efficiency improvements primarily result from reductions in pumping work via reduced air flow through the engine. Cylinder cutout reduces the air flow rate via elevated amounts of recirculated gases which are also required to regulate engine-out NOx, resulting in a larger delta pressure across the engine and consequently more pumping work than CDA. CDA reduces the air flow rate by deactivating cylinders, which reduces the charge flow rate and enables a small delta pressure between the intake and exhaust manifolds, resulting in less pumping work by the cylinders. As a result, CDA is more efficient than cylinder cutout. Furthermore, the thermal merits of cylinder cutout require high exhaust manifold pressures, and are subject to the configuration of the exhaust manifold and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) path.

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“…However, in modern design of internal combustion engines, some advanced technologies, such as cylinder deactivation (CDA), variable valve actuation (VVA), turbo-charging system, and stop-start management [ 29 , 30 ], have been widely adopted to reduce the emissions and improve the fuel economy [ 31 ]. In these technologies, the CDA is usually adopted in multi-cylinder engines, and can output a desired power by varying the number of active cylinders [ 32 , 33 ]. Although the CDA shows potential for improving fuel economy, it also promotes certain undesired side-effects in some engine conjunctions because the working condition changes greatly (ex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on the tribological performance of ring/liner system under cylinder deactivation with consideration of cylinder liner deformation and oil supply

et al. 2018

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In gasoline engines, CDA (cylinder deactivation) affects greatly the tribological performance of ring/liner system while reducing the emissions and improving the fuel economy. The analyses on the tribological performance of ring/liner system under the CDA mainly focus on the ideal circular cylinder liner and fixed fully flooded lubrication condition. In this study, a numerical investigation on the tribological performance of a compression ring-cylinder liner system is presented under the CDA with consideration of the cylinder liner deformation and the transition between the fully flooded and starved lubrication conditions. A mixed lubrication model coupled with oil transport model and JFO (Jacobson-Floberg-Olsson) conservative cavitation algorithm is proposed to evaluate the frictional properties. Based on the model, the tribological performance is investigated under the standard operation condition and the CDA. Meanwhile, the influence of cylinder liner deformation and oil supply on the tribological performance is also evaluated. Results show that the tribological performance of the compression ring-cylinder liner system is greatly changed when the CDA is adopted. In particular, under the CDA, the overall power loss and FMEP (friction mean effective pressure) value are increased about 27.29% and 53.51%. The study also demonstrates the necessity to consider the cylinder liner deformation and oil supply in the simulation of compression ring-cylinder liner system under the CDA.

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The influence of cylinder deactivation on the emissions and fuel economy of a four-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of early inlet valve closing and cylinder disablement on fuel economy and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine

The effects of early inlet valve closing and cylinder disablement on fuel economy and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine

Impact of Cylinder Deactivation and Cylinder Cutout via Flexible Valve Actuation on Fuel Efficient Aftertreatment Thermal Management at Curb Idle

Evaluation on the tribological performance of ring/liner system under cylinder deactivation with consideration of cylinder liner deformation and oil supply

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