The influence of diagenesis on carbon and oxygen isotope values in shallow water carbonates from the Atlantic and Pacific: Implications for the interpretation of the global carbon cycle

Smith, Megan E.; Swart, Peter K.

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2022.106147

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Chronostratigraphic age models for the proximal periplatform cores on the western margin of the GBB ( 64 ) all show evidence for a ~3-million-year hiatus during this same interval ( Fig. 8 ), which was not caused by sea-level fall ( 68 , 69 ). In other words, when the enriched alkalinity source to the Bahamas was shut off in the Miocene, Bahamian carbonate production and export were reduced dramatically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The origin of carbonate mud and implications for global climate

Geyman

Nadeau

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Carbonate mud represents one of the most important geochemical archives for reconstructing ancient climatic, environmental, and evolutionary change from the rock record. Mud also represents a major sink in the global carbon cycle. Yet, there remains no consensus about how and where carbonate mud is formed. Here, we present stable isotope and trace-element data from carbonate constituents in the Bahamas, including ooids, corals, foraminifera, and algae. We use geochemical fingerprinting to demonstrate that carbonate mud cannot be sourced from the abrasion and mixture of any combination of these macroscopic grains. Instead, an inverse Bayesian mixing model requires the presence of an additional aragonite source. We posit that this source represents a direct seawater precipitate. We use geological and geochemical data to show that “whitings” are unlikely to be the dominant source of this precipitate and, instead, present a model for mud precipitation on the bank margins that can explain the geographical distribution, clumped-isotope thermometry, and stable isotope signature of carbonate mud. Next, we address the enigma of why mud and ooids are so abundant in the Bahamas, yet so rare in the rest of the world: Mediterranean outflow feeds the Bahamas with the most alkaline waters in the modern ocean (>99.7th-percentile). Such high alkalinity appears to be a prerequisite for the nonskeletal carbonate factory because, when Mediterranean outflow was reduced in the Miocene, Bahamian carbonate export ceased for 3-million-years. Finally, we show how shutting off and turning on the shallow carbonate factory can send ripples through the global climate system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The origin of carbonate mud and implications for global climate

Geyman

Nadeau

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The porosity of one completely dolomitised sample is approximately 10% (Swartz, 1962). & Matthews, 1982;Gross, 1964;Smith & Swart, 2022). In contrast, most calcite cements analysed from Lower Miocene and Oligocene of the F-1 well, and Eocene strata in E-1 core 3 have δ 18 O values between −2 and + 1‰ (PDB) and δ 13 C values between +1 and + 3 ‰ (PDB; Figures 15 and 16).…”

Section: Plio-pleistocene Stratamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meteoric alteration should only affect the shallow parts of the atoll during periods of subaerial exposure. Meteoric alteration is most intense within a few metres of exposure surfaces, near water tables, and in active meteoric phreatic environments (Land, 1970;Steinen, 1974;Saller & Moore, 1989;Smith & Swart, 2022). Fresh-water lenses under many carbonate islands are only a few metres thick (Engebi, Enewetak described by Buddemeier & Holladay, 1977; Joulter's Cay, described by Halley & Harris, 1979; Schooners Cay, Budd, Zones of intense meteoric alteration may be thin (less than a few tens of metres thick), but may be laterally quite extensive.…”

Section: Calcite Dissolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some limestones, cementation has obliterated virtually all porosity (Bathurst, 1975, p. 415). Cementation, dissolution and dolomitisation occur in marine waters (Diaz & Eberli, 2022; Melim et al, 2001; Saller & Koepnick, 1990; Schlager & James, 1978; Teillet et al, 2019), meteoric waters (Friedman, 1964; Halley & Harris, 1979; Smith & Swart, 2022; Swart & Oehlert, 2018; Thrailkill, 1971), mixed marine and meteoric waters (Land, 1973; Magaritz et al, 1980; Melim et al, 2004; Moore Jr., 1977), and during burial (Dickson & Coleman, 1980; Moore & Druckman, 1981; Swart, 2015). This paper concentrates on diagenesis in deeper sea water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were taken from those continuous cores at 1–2 m intervals to be used as part of this project (see Couch Jr. et al, 1975 or Saller, 1984b for descriptive logs). Another set of deep wells (KAR‐1, KBZ‐4, OOR‐17, OBZ‐4) were drilled and cored on the northern lagoon margin to depths of 318–489 m and were initially studied by the USGS (Cronin et al, 1986; Henry & Wardlaw, 1987, 1990; Wardlaw, 1986) and were subsequently studied by numerous workers with results published by Quinn (1989), Quinn and Matthews (1990), Quinn (1991a, 1991b), Quinn and Saller (1997), Smith and Swart (2022), Smith et al (in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep marine diagenesis, offshore Hawaii and Enewetak, with implications for older carbonates

Saller¹,

Winterbottom²

2022

The Depositional Record

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Cenozoic limestones from Hawaii and Enewetak were studied to characterise diagenesis in deep sea water. Hawaii samples were from subsea outcrops of drowned Pleistocene reefs 150-1,505 m deep (maximum age 550-600 ka). Most samples had early fibrous aragonite and high-magnesium calcite cements precipitated in shallow sea water. Partial dissolution of aragonite (including coral) and highmagnesium calcite were significant at 412 m and increased to 1,505 m. Crusts of 'stubby' sparry calcite cement (2-8 mol.% MgCO 3 ; 'lower Mg calcite') precipitated on early aragonite and high-magnesium calcite cements at 473-1,358 m. Dissolution of aragonite and high-magnesium calcite was incomplete. Aragonite and high-magnesium calcite were not neomorphosed to low-magnesium calcite ( <5 mol.% MgCO 3 ). Enewetak well samples came from 3 to 1,400 m (Holocene to Upper Eocene). Lower Miocene to Upper Eocene carbonates at 380-1,380 m near the atoll margin showed pervasive dissolution of aragonite and conversion of high-magnesium calcite fossils to low-magnesium calcite. Their lower-Mg calcite cements (380-820 m; mainly radiaxial) were associated with aragonite dissolution. The lower-Mg calcite cements and bulk limestones below 500 m had geochemistry indicating precipitation or stabilisation in sea water at 10-27°C. Data indicate Enewetak dolomitisation (1,250-1,320 m) in cold sea water during burial >1,000 m. Coralline algae showed little petrographic alteration, but Mg decreased downward from 15 to 1.5 mol.% MgCO 3 . In both areas, aragonite dissolution, alteration of high-magnesium calcite, and precipitation of lower-Mg calcite cements occurred in deep sea water (>300 m) undersaturated for aragonite, but supersaturated for low-magnesium calcite. Original high-magnesium calcite was partially dissolved in Hawaii samples, but converted to low-magnesium calcite in deep Enewetak cores, possibly due to gradual deepening at Enewetak. Dolomitisation and low-magnesium calcite dissolution occurred below the calcite saturation depth (approximately 1,000 m) in Enewetak, but not deep Hawaii samples, possibly because dolomitisation is slower. Temporal variations in carbonate saturation, especially related to pCO 2 , are interpreted as the main control on mineralogy during marine diagenesis now and in many ancient oceans.

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Investigation of the formation and variability of dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in the water of a small river (on the example of the Styr River, Ukraine)

Biedunkova,

Kuznietsov

2024

Environ Monit Assess

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The influence of diagenesis on carbon and oxygen isotope values in shallow water carbonates from the Atlantic and Pacific: Implications for the interpretation of the global carbon cycle

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

The origin of carbonate mud and implications for global climate

The origin of carbonate mud and implications for global climate

Deep marine diagenesis, offshore Hawaii and Enewetak, with implications for older carbonates

Investigation of the formation and variability of dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved organic carbon in the water of a small river (on the example of the Styr River, Ukraine)

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