The influence of dietary fat on insulin resistance

Abstract

Dietary fat has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in both animals and humans. Most, although not all, studies suggest that higher levels of total fat in the diet result in greater whole-body insulin resistance. Although, in practice, obesity may complicate the relationship between fat intake and insulin resistance, clinical trials demonstrate that high levels of dietary fat can impair insulin sensitivity independent of body weight changes. In addition, it appears that different types of fat have different effects on insulin action. Saturated and certain monounsaturated fats have been implicated in causing insulin resistance, whereas polyunsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids largely do not appear to have adverse effects on insulin action. Given the importance of insulin resistance in the development of diabetes and heart disease, establishing appropriate levels of fat in the diet is an important clinical goal.

Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Fiber, Simple Sugars, and Insulin Resistance

“…A protective effect of lactose on glucose metabolism was expected, because dietary lactose elicits a relatively low glycemic response in clinical studies (34). The adverse effect on insulin sensitivity may, however, be a result of the relationship between milk products and lactose, because milk and dairy products comprise not only lactose but also saturated fat, which is strongly associated with increased insulin resistance (35,36). Adjustment for saturated fat did not, however, change the observed significant association between lactose and HOMA-IR in the present study (data not shown).…”

Evaluation of canola seeds of different cultivars with special emphasis on the quantification of erucic acid and glucosinolates

“…Oleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in nature and is present in almost all vegetable oils and fats. Oleic acid is gaining importance in human nutrition owing to its potential health benefits against cardiovascular heart diseases and its cholesterol lowering effects (Kris-Etherton 1999;Lovejoy 2002).…”

Fatty acid composition evaluation of edible parts of Eriocheir sinensis in intensive ponds of Gucheng waters

“…In the muscle, overall differences in SFA, MUFA, and PUFA between groups were not significant ( Excessive SFA and high MUFA can cause an energy imbalance and weight gain within the body, inducing insulin resistance and other nutritional diseases. PUFA, particularly n-3 PUFA, can eliminate this resistance (Lovejoy, 2012). Therefore, we set SFA + MUFA + PUFA = 100 scores, and the SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were averaged of 33.33 each for a standard ratio of 1:1:1.…”

“…By analyzing the hepatopancreas, gonad, and muscle fatty acid composition of Yangcheng Lake river Eriocheir sinensis (Chen and Zhang, 2007), female Yangcheng lake and pool Eriocheir sinensis (Kong et al, 2012), Portunus pelagicus (Wu et al, 2010), Carcinus mediterraneus (Cherif et al, 2008), Callinectes sapidus (Çelik et al, 2004), and Paralithodes and Chionoecetes (Latyshev et al, 2009), the results show that the relative mass of fat differed in different species, different origin, and different breeding patterns (Table 4). High MUFA caused an energy imbalance of the inner environment (Lovejoy, 2012); a high intake of C18:2 and low intake of MUFA were associated with the incidence of breast cancer (Goodstine, 2003). DHA and EPA can lower blood pressure and have antithrombotic and antitumor effects, as well as prevent heart disease and improve physiological functions.…”