The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses

Radzikowska, Urszula; Rinaldi, Arturo; Sözener, Zeynep Çelebi; Karaguzel, Dilara; Wójcik, Marzena; Cypryk, Katarzyna; Akdiş, Mübeccel; Akdiş, Cezmi A.; Sokołowska, Milena

doi:10.3390/nu11122990

Cited by 219 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 357 publications

(635 reference statements)

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“…Another important mediator involved in the immune response and influenced by nutrition are fatty acids, in particular, ω-3 PUFAs [67,68]. In fact, during bacterial and viral infections, they are able to act on immune cells and regulate diverse inflammatory processes.…”

Section: ω-3 Pufas and Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Messina

Polito

Monda

et al. 2020

IJMS

158

150

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Background: On the 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The infection spread first in China and then in the rest of the world, and on the 11th of March, the WHO declared that COVID-19 was a pandemic. Taking into consideration the mortality rate of COVID-19, about 5-7%, and the percentage of positive patients admitted to intensive care units being 9-11%, it should be mandatory to consider and take all necessary measures to contain the COVID-19 infection. Moreover, given the recent evidence in different hospitals suggesting IL-6 and TNF-α inhibitor drugs as a possible therapy for COVID-19, we aimed to highlight that a dietary intervention could be useful to prevent the infection and/or to ameliorate the outcomes during therapy. Considering that the COVID-19 infection can generate a mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with a consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α, a dietary regimen modification in order to improve the levels of adiponectin could be very useful both to prevent the infection and to take care of patients, improving their outcomes.

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Section: ω-3 Pufas and Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Messina

Polito

Monda

et al. 2020

IJMS

158

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several in vitro studies also demonstrated that unsaturation fatty acids could exert immunosuppressive effects on T cells, such as reducing its proliferation and activation in a dose-dependent manner [37,40]. However, saturation fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, have been described as essential factors promoting T cell activation and cytokine secretion [41]. In addition, considerable evidence has shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids can modify mast cell functions and suppress its activation then reduce the production of cytokine or chemokine through receptors [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Metabolomic Signatures Associated with Disease Severity in Allergic Rhinitis

Xie

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global healthcare problem with obscure pathogenesis, and few studies have evaluated the association between AR and metabolomics. The aim of this study was to identify differences in serum metabolomics profiling of AR patients compared to healthy controls and to explore novel biomarkers reflecting disease severity.Methods: Serum samples were collected form 29 healthy controls and 72 AR patients, including 30 mild AR patients (MAR) and 42 moderate to severe AR patients (MSAR). Metabolomic profiling was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) in serum samples. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to assess the differences between AR patients and controls and for subgroups based on disease severity. Results: These analysis results successfully revealed distinct metabolite signatures which distinguished MAR patients and MSAR patients from health controls. In addition, MSAR patients also could be discriminated from MAR patients basing on their metabolic fingerprints. Most observed metabolite changes were related to pathways associated with glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. Among these metabolites from dysregulated metabolic pathways, levels of sarcosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), cytidine and linoleic acid significantly correlated with AR total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS).Conclusions: MSAR patients have a distinctive serum metabolomics profile compared to MAR and health controls. These results suggest that metabolomic profiling may provide novel insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of AR and contribute to its evaluation of disease severity.

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“…Thus, the disturbed energy balance in favor of fat accumulation, that is obesity, leads to a WAT growth with hypertrophy and death of adipocytes promoting macrophage infiltration to phagocytize the remains; these in turn produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that favor further infiltration ( 217 , 218 ). Saturated fatty acids directly stimulate differentiation to a pro-inflammatory macrophage profile while monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids promote an anti-inflammatory profile ( 219 ). Thus, if the stimulus persists, that is, if the diet is still rich in saturated fatty acids and energy, a vicious circle is established with continuous infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages, which maintains the inflammation chronically ( 220 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Syndrome: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome

Esteve

2020

Front. Nutr.

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An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.

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The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses

Cited by 219 publications

References 357 publications

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work

Serum Metabolomic Signatures Associated with Disease Severity in Allergic Rhinitis

Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome

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