The influence of dietary palmitic acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces

López-López, A; Castellote-Bargalló, A.I; Campoy, Cristina; Rivero-Urgel, M; Tormo-Carnicé, R; Infante-Pina, D; López-Sabater, M. Carmen

doi:10.1016/s0378-3782(01)00210-9

Cited by 141 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…First, infants take in no fibre, so amount of fibre is not a variable. Animal fats in the formula result in stools that are softer, larger, and that are easier to pass than plant fats (Forsyth et al 1999), and babies also grow better when the source of the fat is from animal rather than plant sources (López-López et al 2001). The exact reasons for these effects are not known, but these effects are thought to be due partly to the characteristic stereoisomeric structure of animal fats compared with plant fats (Hunter 2001), and the presence of long-chain PUFA.…”

Section: Health Effects Of Fat As a Macronutrient And Energy Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, they report that interesterified fats alter the HDL-C and LDL-C ratios and concentrations in the serum of both infants and piglets away from the pattern seen when they are fed their mother's milk (Hayes and Pronczuk 2010), which generally has SFA at the sn-2 position (Hunter 2001). This is a concern given the known improvement in growth of infants on animal versus plant fats (López-López et al 2001). Finally, the overall structure of a fat may affect its digestion.…”

Section: Health Effects Of Fat As a Macronutrient And Energy Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Barendse

2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.Humans hunt or raise a wide variety of animals for meat, which vary from free-range to intensively reared. These animals form a valuable part of human nutrition. Their tissues, including the fat, contain vitamin and other essential nutrients necessary for health. However, animal fat from ruminants and other land mammals is usually regarded as saturated. The purpose of this review is partly to examine the basis for the saturated fat hypothesis of cardiovascular disease given more recent research, to examine the human health effects of animal fats, and partly to draw into one place the diverse knowledge about animal fat and the effects of fat on metabolism. Mechanistic understanding of the initiation of the fatty streak and atherosclerosis calls into question the avoidance of ruminant or porcine fat. Due to high levels of oleic acid, a low n-6 : n-3 fatty acid ratio in some groups, and the presence of specific micronutrients including vitamins and essential fatty acids, animal fats are of benefit in human nutrition. Animal fats can be obtained in minimally processed form making them a convenient source of energy and micronutrients.

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Section: Health Effects Of Fat As a Macronutrient And Energy Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Effects Of Fat As a Macronutrient And Energy Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Barendse

2014

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Aproximadamente 60% do total de ácido palmí-tico (C16:0) encontrado no leite ocupa a posição sn-2 do triacilglicerol, o que garante maior facilidade na absorção 6 . Tal fato se deve à maior polaridade e solubilidade em água do monoacilglicerol com o ácido palmítico na posição sn-2 em relação à sua forma livre 38 . Nos estudos apre-sentados no Quadro 2, os níveis de C16:0 apresentam-se sem grandes diferenças, exceto no estudo de Silva et al 22 , que encontraram os menores teores desse ácido graxo (17,3 peso%).…”

Section: T E O R D E á C I D O S G R a X O S D O L E I T E H U M A N unclassified

Modulação e composição de ácidos graxos do leite humano

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Sabarense

2010

Rev. Nutr.

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O leite humano é um fluido complexo, considerado um alimento completo e suficiente para suprir as necessidades nutricionais de recém-nascidos durante os seis primeiros meses de vida. A fração lipídica do leite materno é a principal fonte de energia para o neonato e possui ácidos graxos essenciais; seus produtos poliinsaturados, como o ácido araquidônico e o ácido docosa-hexaenoico, são indispensáveis ao crescimento. Tanto o conteúdo lipídico quanto o tipo de ácido graxo do leite humano podem ser modulados por fatores inerentes ou não à mãe. Dentre esses fatores, destacam-se a adiposidade, o estilo de vida, o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar materna, que agem de forma concomitante e interdependente, dificultando as análises dos estudos que se propõem investigar tal modulação. Não se observam grandes diferenças entre as composições de ácidos graxos do leite materno de estudos realizados na América Latina e em países desenvolvidos. O leite das nutrizes de algumas regiões brasileiras apresenta os ácidos graxos essenciais, o ácido araquidônico, o ácido docosa-hexaenoico e um baixo percentual de ácidos graxos saturados e ácidos graxos trans. O presente trabalho avaliou, portanto, os principais fatores que modulam a composição do leite humano, em particular as diferenças na composição de ácidos graxos do leite de mulheres de diferentes nacionalidades e os efeitos desses componentes sobre a saúde do recém-nascido.

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“…Our study also suggests that formula with high sn-2 palmitate is an adequate substitute to breast milk in terms of infant growth. A number of studies showed that the palmitic acid in the sn-2 position improved fat absorption [8,9,11,19] and therefore may benefit infant growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of formula containing triglycerides, with a positional fatty acid profile similar to that of human milk, was shown to be associated with an improvement in the absorption of palmitic acid and better mineral balance in term infants [8][9][10], premature newborn infants [11] and animal models [2,12,13]. Compared with standard formula, fat absorption in formula fed (FF) infant with high sn-2 palmitate acid was higher and the fecal calcium excretion was significantly lower [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance and Efficacy of Infant Formula with High Sn-2 Palmitate in Formula-Fed Chinese Term Infants: an Open Label, Controlled Trial

Chen¹

2016

JNHFE

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Objectives:We assessed the efficacy of high sn-2 palmitate infant formula as compared with breast-milk in healthy full-term Chinese infants.Methods: Seventy five term infants, aged 14 days or less, appropriate for gestational age (34 formula-fed and 41 breast-fed) were recruited to this openlabel controlled multi-center trial. Formula fed infants were assigned to receive a formula with high sn-2-palmitate (40% of the palmitic acid is esterified to the sn-2 position of the triglyceride).Results: Anthropometric measurements of growth were done at randomization, and at 6 and 12 weeks postnatal age. Three-day records were completed by parents on stool characteristics and infants' wellbeing; face-to-face interviews were conducted according to a structured questionnaire. At 6 and 12 weeks of age, all infants presented normal growth parameters. Hard stools were not reported in both groups; however, the FF infants had less stools per day and a lower stool consistency score. The formula fed infants cried longer compared to the breastfed infants. There were no significant differences between the two groups in adverse effects. Conclusions:The formula containing high sn-2 palmitate had similar effect to breastfeeding on body growth, prevention of hard stools, and maintaining wellbeing in Chinese term infants. However, compared with breastfed infants, the FF group stool in the early 3 months of life was less soft (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01157390). sn-2 palmitate, such as increasing beneficial gut flora [15,16] and reducing infant crying [17]. According to our knowledge, this is the first study examining an infant formula with milk fat, prebiotics and structured lipids. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of SN-2 palmitate infant formula in Chinese infants compared to breastfed infants. Keywords Materials and Methods Study design and participantsThe study was designed as a multi-center, open-label controlled, 12 weeks study. Healthy term infants, appropriate for gestation age (AGA) with normal birth weight (2500-4000 g) were eligible for the study. The recruitment process was carried out by qualified pediatricians in local hospitals or maternal and Child Health Care centers located in the districts of Guangzhou and Hengyang, China. The infants were screened, using a standardized structured questionnaire, and had a physical examination by a qualified medical team. Exclusion criteria included infants with a congenital abnormality, suspected chromosomal or metabolic disorder or infants receiving medications at the first week of life. Infants of mothers with a health condition or socioeconomic problems that may interfere with their ability to take care of their infants were also excluded. The recruitment of formula fed infants (FF group) followed a maternal unequivocal decision not to breastfeed; the recruitment of breastfed infants (BF group) followed a maternal commitment to breastfeeding for at least 12 weeks. In this open-label, controlled, multi-center trial, we used per-protocol analysis, exa...

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The influence of dietary palmitic acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces

Cited by 141 publications

References 32 publications

Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Should animal fats be back on the table? A critical review of the human health effects of animal fat

Modulação e composição de ácidos graxos do leite humano

Tolerance and Efficacy of Infant Formula with High Sn-2 Palmitate in Formula-Fed Chinese Term Infants: an Open Label, Controlled Trial

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