Objectives:It is not clear if using patients with bilateral symptoms would impact the
level of disability reported in orthopaedic research. The purposes of this
study were to (1) examine the prevalence of bilateral shoulder symptoms
(significant pain, stiffness or weakness affecting function) in patients
with rotator cuff impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear and osteoarthritis
of the glenohumeral joint, (2) explore risk factors associated with
bilateral shoulder symptoms, and (3) examine the impact of symptom
bilaterality and hand dominance on pre- and post-operative patient-oriented
disability outcomes.Methods:This study involved secondary analysis of prospectively collected data of
patients who had undergone shoulder surgery and had returned for their
1-year follow-up. Two outcome measures were collected prior to surgery and
at 1-year following surgery: the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and
the Constant–Murley Score.Results:Data of 772 patients, 376 (49%) females, 396 males (51%); 288 (impingement
syndrome), 332 (rotator cuff tear), and 152 (osteoarthritis) were included
in the analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the
prevalence of bilateral symptoms being 44%, 28%, and 22% in the
osteoarthritis, impingement syndrome, and rotator cuff tear groups,
respectively (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of dominant side involvement
was 71%, 67%, and 53% in the rotator cuff tear, impingement syndrome, and
osteoarthritis groups (p < 0.0001). Older age and female sex were risk
factors for development of bilateral symptoms only in patients with rotator
cuff tear. Neither symptom bilaterality nor dominant arm involvement had a
negative impact on patient-oriented disability outcome measures prior to or
after surgery (p > 0.05).Conclusion:This study shows that patients with osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint
have the highest prevalence of bilateral shoulder complaints. The older age
and the female sex increased the risk of having bilateral symptoms in
patients with rotator cuff tear. Having bilateral shoulder symptoms or
dominant side involvement was not associated with higher level of disability
prior or after surgery.