The influence of Dunlop and air microbubbling manufacturing methods on the physical, microstructural and mechanical properties of nano-alumina filled natural rubber latex foam

Raveshtian, Amin; Fasihi, Mohammad; Norouzbeigi, Reza; Rasouli, Sajad

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2022.47

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Most of the SBR/BR-Si 3 N 4 characteristics are strongly dependent on the crosslinking degree of the composite . The crosslink density of the SBR/BR-Si 3 N 4 composites with different loading contents of Si 3 N 4 is calculated using the swelling method according to the Flory–Rehner equation (FR) as follows: , V normalp = true( m normali − m normalf ρ normalp true) ( m i − m f ρ p ) + ( m e − m i ρ s ) − [ ln false( 1 − V normalp false) + V p + χ V p 2 ] = ρ normalp V normals M normalc − 1 V normalp 1 / 3 CD = 1…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Highly Thermally Conductive Fillers on Improving the Properties of SBR/BR-Filled Nano-Silicon Nitride

Rasouli,

Zabihi,

Fasihi

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The effect of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) as a thermally conductive material on the mechanical, microstructural, and physical properties as well as kinetics of the curing reaction of styrene-butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR) was investigated in this work. The results showed an improvement in tensile, hardness, and compression features of the composite due to the presence of Si 3 N 4 . The properties were enhanced with the filler loading content; somehow, the composite including Si 3 N 4 = 6 parts per hundred (phr) had the most significant performance, an increase of ∼15 and 20% in the maximum strain and toughness of the composite, respectively, an increase of almost 7% in the hardness, and an ∼13% reduction in the compression set. Also, the filler led to an increase in the crosslink density (calculated via the Flory–Rehner equation using swelling test) by 7.12 × 10 –5 mol/g, proving the increment of the covalent bonds between the polymer chains during the curing reaction. The kinetic consideration revealed a reduction in the scorch and optimum curing times by ∼40 and ∼25%, respectively. In order to describe the kinetics of curing reaction of SBR/BR-Si 3 N 4 , an autocatalytic model based on the Kamal–Sourour model was applied on the rheometry results. The calculated kinetic parameters indicated that the thermally conductive Si 3 N 4 accelerated the curing reaction by ∼40%, particularly at Si 3 N 4 = 6 phr. After 6 phr of Si 3 N 4 , agglomeration of the filler particles decreased its performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 Most of the SBR/BR-Si 3 N 4 characteristics are strongly dependent on the crosslinking degree of the composite. 44 The crosslink density of the SBR/BR-Si 3 N 4 composites with different loading contents of Si 3 N 4 is calculated using the swelling method according to the Flory−Rehner equation (FR) as follows: 46,47…”

Section: Microstructural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Highly Thermally Conductive Fillers on Improving the Properties of SBR/BR-Filled Nano-Silicon Nitride

Rasouli,

Zabihi,

Fasihi

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Most of the SBR/BR‐SiC characteristics, for example, mechanical, microstructural, and physical properties, are strongly dependent on the crosslinking degree of the composite 49 . The crosslink density of the SBR/BR‐SiC composites with different loading contents of SiC is calculated using the swelling method according to the Flory–Rehner equation (FR) as follows 50,51 :

V_{normalp} = \frac{((), \frac{m_{normali} - m_{normalf}}{ρ_{p}})}{(\frac{m_{i} - m_{f}}{ρ_{normalp}}) + (\frac{m_{e} - m_{i}}{ρ_{normals}})},

- [\ln (1 - V_{normalp}) + V_{normalp} + χ V_{normalp}^{2}] = ρ_{normalp} V_{normals} {M_{c}}^{- 1} V_{normalp}^{\frac{1}{3}},

CD = \frac{1}{2 M_{normalc}},

where V p is the volume fraction of the polymer blend in the swollen composite, which is calculated based on the weights of the samples before ( m i ) and after ( m e ) the swelling process presented in Section 2.4.3. It should be mentioned that the mass of filler ( m f ) was also involved in the calculation procedure of crosslink density (CD).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47,48 Most of the SBR/BR-SiC characteristics, for example, mechanical, microstructural, and physical properties, are strongly dependent on the crosslinking degree of the composite. 49 The crosslink density of the SBR/BR-SiC composites with different loading contents of SiC is calculated using the swelling method according to the Flory-Rehner equation (FR) as follows 50,51 :…”

Section: Crosslink Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Zabihi,

Fasihi,

Rasouli

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Thermal conductive filler, silicon carbide (SiC), has been investigated for its effects on the mechanical properties, microstructural properties, physical properties, and kinetic characteristics of styrene‐butadiene‐rubber/butadiene rubber (SBR/BR). SBR/BR‐SiC's tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness were improved by 5 phr SiC content within the composite. Specifically, there was a 44% increase in tensile strength, a 51% increase in strain at break, and impressive 113% increase in toughness. Additionally, there was a notable reduction of approximately ~15% in the compression set. The calculated crosslink density using the Flory–Rehner equation proved that the SiC filler increased the covalent bonds between the polymer chains during the curing reaction. The rheometry results showed a reduction in the scorch and optimum curing times by ~10% via the incorporation of SiC. The addition of 5 phr SiC decreased the curing duration time by 47%. The scanning electron microscopy images taken from the samples at different magnifications showed that the particle agglomeration after SiC = 5 phr was the main factor in reducing the SiC performance in the composite.Highlights Tensile properties of SBR/BR were improved with high thermal conductive SiC. SiC accelerated the rate of vulcanization reaction of SBR/BR. The crosslink density was maximized with the addition of SiC to the compound. Better heat transfer by SiC led to a reduction in the energy consumption of curing. Thermal diffusivity was raised with the addition of SiC to the compound.

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“…Apart from incorporating natural fibers, there have also been studies on the influence of adding nanocellulose 7 on the properties of natural rubber latex foam. Raveshtian et al 8 comprehensively investigated the effects of adding nano‐alumina (NA) as a filler and different preparation methods involving denglup and air microbubbles on the physical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of NRLF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the effects of jute fibers filler content and surface treatment on the mechanical properties of natural rubber latex foam

Li,

Du,

Teng

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) filled with untreated and alkali/silane coupling agent‐treated jute fibers (JFs) were prepared using the Dunlop method. The JFs fillers were added at 0, 1, 3, and 5 phr. The density, crosslinking degree, and surface morphology of the untreated jute‐filled NRLF were studied, and the tensile and compression properties of the untreated and surface‐treated NRLF were compared. The results showed that the density, the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), and compression set of the untreated jute‐filled NRLF increased with increasing JFs filler content. The crosslinking degree, tensile strength, elongation at break, and recovery rate decreased with increasing JFs filler content. Regarding mechanical properties, the surface‐treated JFs‐filled NRLF exhibited higher tensile strength and M100 than the untreated group, indicating that alkali/silane coupling agent treatment enhanced the interaction between JFs and the matrix. However, the elongation at break was lower. As for the compression set and recovery rate, there was no significant difference between the two groups, indicating that alkali/silane coupling agent treatment had little effect on the compression set and recovery rate of JFs‐filled NRLF.

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The influence of Dunlop and air microbubbling manufacturing methods on the physical, microstructural and mechanical properties of nano-alumina filled natural rubber latex foam

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Highly Thermally Conductive Fillers on Improving the Properties of SBR/BR-Filled Nano-Silicon Nitride

A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Highly Thermally Conductive Fillers on Improving the Properties of SBR/BR-Filled Nano-Silicon Nitride

Improving the mechanical properties and curing characteristics of styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites by incorporating silicon carbide

Research on the effects of jute fibers filler content and surface treatment on the mechanical properties of natural rubber latex foam

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