“…From a research standpoint about dynamic capabilities of startups (Thiele and Fellnhofer, 2015; Chin et al , 2016; Datta et al , 2018; Caseiro and Coelho, 2019; Dong, 2019; Feng et al , 2019; Ma et al , 2020; Polo García-Ochoa et al , 2020; Steiber and Alänge, 2020; Guo et al , 2021; Teixeira et al , 2021), internal and external forces affect business in general (Cavalcante et al , 2011; Chesbrough, 2010; de Reuver et al , 2009; Johnson et al , 2008; Pucihar et al , 2019; Rub et al , 2017; Saebi, 2015; Seo and Lee, 2019; Teece, 2007; Thiele and Fellnhofer, 2015; Van Den Heuvel et al , 2020), and considering the differences in capabilities from startups to handle environmental changes, our framework combines dynamic capabilities of startups within their effects on tangible and intangible resources exchange to overcome challenges imposed from internal and external forces.…”