The Influence of Encoding Strategy on Episodic Memory and Cortical Activity in Schizophrenia

Bonner‐Jackson, Aaron; Haut, Kristen M.; Csernansky, John G.; Deanna, M

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.011

Cited by 102 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Thus, orientation to the verbal relatedness of the word-scene pairs significantly improved subsequent recall of the words in both groups. This finding is in line with previous studies of EM in schizophrenia that have reported memory improvement following orientation to beneficial encoding conditions (Bonner-Jackson et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2000;Gold, Randolph, Carpenter, Goldberg, & Weinberger, 1992;Koh & Peterson, 1978;McClain, 1983;Paul et al, 2005;Ragland et al, 2003Ragland et al, , 2006. Such findings have been attributed to an enhancement of strategic memory processes through the manipulation of encoding conditions, as individuals with schizophrenia typically show deficits in generating and applying effective encoding and organizational strategies (Brebion et al, 1997;Brebion, David, Jones, Pilowsky, 2004;Hutton et al, 1998;Iddon et al, 1998;Russell, Bannatyne, & Smith, 1975;Russell & Beekhuis, 1976;Traupmann, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Notably, EM deficits in individuals with schizophrenia can be somewhat alleviated through interventions that facilitate the use of advantageous encoding strategies, including levels-of-processing manipulations (Bonner-Jackson, Haut, Csernansky, & Barch, 2005;Kubicki et al, 2003;Paul, Elvevag, Bokat, Weinberger, & Goldberg, 2005;Ragland et al, 2003Ragland et al, , 2005, in which participants typically show better memory for items processed ''deeply'' relative to those processed in a ''shallow'' manner. Cues provided during retrieval can also improve EM in schizophrenia (Culver, Kunen, & Zinkgraf, 1986;McClain, 1983;Sengel & Lovallo, 1983;Tompkins, Goldman, & Axelrod, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research from our lab and others (Bonner-Jackson et al, 2005;Ragland et al, 2003Ragland et al, , 2005 has used encoding tasks that orient participants to process the semantic attributes of items (e.g., abstract/concrete judgments, living/non-living judgments, etc. ), putatively to improve encoding effectiveness and memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Bonner‐Jackson

Deanna

2011

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate episodic memory (EM) deficits and abnormal EM-related brain activity. Experimental encoding manipulations significantly benefit memory performance in schizophrenia, suggesting that a strategic processing deficit may contribute to memory impairment. However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of encoding and retrieval strategies on EM in schizophrenia. The current study examined the impact of encoding and retrieval strategies on associative memory and brain activity in schizophrenia. We also assessed the role of verbal processing ability in response to strategic memory interventions in schizophrenia. Behavioral and functional neuroimaging data were collected from 23 participants with schizophrenia and 24 comparison subjects while performing associative memory encoding and recall tasks. Behaviorally, both schizophrenia participants and controls benefited from memory strategies and showed significant associations between verbal processing ability and recall. Additionally, among schizophrenia participants, encoding strategy use was associated with enhanced brain activity in multiple brain areas. Schizophrenia participants also demonstrated significant associations between verbal processing ability and encodingrelated brain activity in prefrontal cortex. Findings suggest that memory performance and brain activity in schizophrenia can be enhanced via strategic manipulations, and individual differences in cognitive abilities in schizophrenia can affect behavioral and neurobiological responses to strategic memory interventions. (JINS, 2011, 17, 796-806)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Bonner‐Jackson

Deanna

2011

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…We are not aware of any studies reporting increased temporal-VLPFC connectivity, although it occurred at subthreshold levels in one study described above (Meyer-Lindenberg et al, 2005, supplementary online data). While both groups in the current study activated VLPFC equally (Ragland et al, 2005), as in Jennings et al (1998) and Barch et al (2001), other studies have found increased task-related activity of VLPFC in schizophrenia (Kim et al, 2003;Bonner-Jackson et al, 2005;Tan et al, 2005). Overactivation of left inferior frontal cortex has also been observed in a resting PET study (Andreasen et al, 1997), and intriguingly, treatment with either haldoperidol or clozapine reduced VLPFC activity (Lahti et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Alterations of fronto-temporal connectivity during word encoding in schizophrenia

Wolf

Gur

Valdez

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

107

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Cognitive deficits, including impaired verbal memory, are prominent in schizophrenia and lead to increased disability. Functional neuroimaging of patients with schizophrenia performing memory tasks has revealed abnormal activation patterns in prefrontal cortex and temporo-limbic regions. Aberrant fronto-temporal interactions thus represent a potential pathophysiological mechanism underlying verbal memory deficits, yet this hypothesis of disturbed connectivity is not tested directly with standard activation studies. We performed within-subject correlations of frontal and temporal timeseries to measure functional connectivity during verbal encoding. Our results confirm earlier findings of aberrant fronto-temporal connectivity in schizophrenia, and extend them by identifying distinct alterations within dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex. Relative to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia had reduced connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and temporal lobe areas including parahippocampus and superior temporal gyrus. In contrast, patients showed increased connectivity between a region of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and these same temporal lobe regions. Higher temporal-DLPFC connectivity during encoding was associated with better subsequent recognition accuracy in controls, but not patients. Temporal-VLPFC connectivity was uncorrelated with recognition accuracy in either group. The results suggest that reduced temporal-DLPFC connectivity in schizophrenia could underlie encoding deficits, and increased temporal-VLPFC connectivity may represent an ineffective compensatory effort.

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“…By strategic encoding, we mean the ability to spontaneously detect and apply effective encoding strategies that would help maintain information in working memory and protect it from interference. The literature on episodic memory gives us good reason to believe that individuals with schizophrenia have difficulty with the spontaneous generation and application of effective encoding strategies [e.g., 97,98]. However, we really have very little idea of the mechanisms by which individuals normally spontaneously generate and apply such encoding strategies.…”

Section: Constructs In Need Of More Basic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory: Relevance to CNTRICS and Schizophrenia

Deanna

Smith

2008

Biological Psychiatry

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156

129

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Working memory is one of the central constructs in cognitive science and has received enormous attention in the theoretical and empirical literature. Similarly, working memory deficits have long been thought to be one of the core cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, making it a ripe area for translation. The current article provides a brief overview of the current theories and data on the psychological and neural mechanisms involved in working memory, which is a summary of the presentation and discussion on working memory that occurred at the first CNTRICS meeting in Washington, D.C. At this meeting, the consensus was that the constructs of goal maintenance and interference control were the most ready to be pursued as part of a translational cognitive neuroscience effort in the remaining CNTRICS meetings. The group felt that the constructs of longterm memory reactivation, capacity, and strategic encoding were of great clinical interest, but required more basic research. In addition, the group felt that the constructs of maintenance over time and updating in working memory had growing construct validity at the psychological and neural levels, but required more research in schizophrenia before knowing whether they should be targets for a clinical trials setting.Working memory is perhaps one of the most frequently studied domains in both cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience, with a wealth of accumulated theoretical and empirical work at both the psychological and neural level [1]. Further, a large body of work has demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia have deficits on a varied set of working memory tasks [e.g., 2,3] that are associated with impairments in a range of neural mechanisms [4]. There is some data to suggest that the degree of impairment in certain aspects of working memory predicts later onset of schizophrenia [5,6]. In addition, the level of working memory impairment predicts the degree of social and occupational impairment in individuals with schizophrenia [e.g., 7,8]. Further, individuals who share unexpressed genetic components of vulnerability to schizophrenia also experience impairments in working memory function [e.g., 9,10].

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The Influence of Encoding Strategy on Episodic Memory and Cortical Activity in Schizophrenia

Abstract: Our findings suggest that a deficit in use of effective strategies influences episodic memory performance in schizophrenia and that abnormalities in functional brain activation persist even when such strategies are applied.

Cited by 102 publications

References 59 publications

Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Strategic Manipulations for Associative Memory and the Role of Verbal Processing Abilities in Schizophrenia

Alterations of fronto-temporal connectivity during word encoding in schizophrenia

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory: Relevance to CNTRICS and Schizophrenia

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