THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON LEAF WAX DEVELOPMENT IN <i>BRASSICA OLERACEA</i> VAR. <i>GEMMIFERA</i>

Baker, E. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1974.tb01324.x

Cited by 298 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Environm ental conditions such as high light intensities, low air humidity and high tem peratures have been pointed out as factors fa voring high production of epicuticular waxes * Values represent the means of thirty adult leaves for each specie ± standard derivation. (Baker, 1974). They prevail in the Cerrado and Caatinga, being yet more pronounced and longer lasting in the latter habitat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Constituents of the Foliar Epicuticular Waxes of Species from the Caatinga and Cerrado

Oliveira

Salatino

2000

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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The epicuticular waxes of leaves of four species (Aspidospermci pyrifolium, Capparis yco, Maytenus rigida and Ziziphus joazeiro) from the Caatinga, (a semi-arid ecosystem of N orth east Brazil) and four species (Aristolochia esperanzae, Didymopanax vinosum , Strychnos pseudoquina and Tocoyena formosa) from the Cerrado, (a savanna ecosystem covering one third of the Brazilian territory), were analyzed. Six species contained a high content (above 60 (.ig.cm-2) of wax, four of them from the Caatinga. Triterpenoids and rc-alkanes were the most frequent and abundant constituents found in the species from both habitats. The distri bution of «-alkanes predom inated by homologues with 27, 29, 31 and 33 carbon atoms, dis played no consistent differences between species from the two habitats. Lupeol, ß-amyrin, epifriedelinol and ursolic acid were the triterpenoids found. Triterpenoids clearly predomi nate over alkanes in the waxes from the Cerrado species. The waxes of two evergreen species from the Caatinga yielded «-alkanes as predominant constituents. A comparison of foliar epicuticular waxes of native plants from ecosystems with different hydric constraints is dis cussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Constituents of the Foliar Epicuticular Waxes of Species from the Caatinga and Cerrado

Oliveira

Salatino

2000

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…The evident differences between the crystalline plates on the adaxial surface of clover leaves and the film wax on the abaxial surface are therefore particularly interesting in view of the broad similarity between the compositions of these deposits. Assuming that wax is carried to the leaf surface in a volatile solvent these morphological differences could result from variations in the solution concentration of the wax exudates since the deposit on the adaxial surface is much thicker than that on the abaxial surface (Baker, 1974). Alternatively these structural differences may be taken as evidence of the non-homogeneity of wax layers (Jeffree et al, 1976), with plate waxes constituted principally of primary alcohols projecting from an amorphous film rich in alkyl esters and hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness of the epicuticular layer varies with species (Martin and Juniper, 1970) but the scale ofthe variation may need to be re-evaluated to take account of the stimulatory effects on wax production of increase in radiant energy rate or decrease in temperature, humidity or soil moisture content (Whitecross and Armstrong, 1972;Baker, 1974;Reed, 1979;Baker and Procopiou, 1980). The variable amounts of wax recovered from leaves included in the present survey was not unexpected since the plants had been carefully selected to include leaves of different size and shape having either glossy or glaucous surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Leaf Epicuticular Waxes in Relation to Foliar Penetration

Baker

Hunt

1981

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYChanges in surface properties during expansion of the leaves of eight plant species have been examined in relation to the uptake of 1-naphthylacetic acid. Rates of wax production ranged from 01 ng cm"^ h"^ for sugar beet leaves to 6-2 nm cm"^ h~^ for leaves of Eucalyptus globulus. Individual leaves of all species maintained difFerent rates of wax production at their adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Rates of synthesis of wax fractions and their constituent homologues varied with surface and leaf age. The homologue distribution shifted towards components of longer chain length as the leaves expanded. Morphological changes in wax deposits were small and limited largely to increases or decreases in the density of the plate waxes. Rates of penetration of 1-naphthylacetic acid varied between species, between leaf surfaces and with age of tissue. The highest rates of uptake were confined to the period when the leaves expanded most rapidly. The decrease in penetration rate with increase in age of the tissue, common to most plants, was greatest for grape vine and Eucalyptus globulus leaves both of which maintained high rates of wax production during expansion.

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“…1968). Higher irradiances are further known to induce the deposition of sub stantially more epicuticular waxes on leaf surfaces 466 BOTANICAL GAZETTE (BAKER 1974), and affect the orientation of indi vidual wax platelets (HULL et al 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Ultrastructural Studies of Plant Cuticular Membranes. I. Sun and Shade Leaves of Quercus velutina (Fagaceae)

Osborn¹,

Taylor²

1990

Botanical Gazette

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Sun and shade leaves of Quercus velutina Lam. were evaluated with respect to differences in gross anat omy, morphology, and cuticle (cuticular membrane (CM|) ultrastructure and micromorphology. Sun leaves are smaller, with more deeply lobed margins, and have more stomata, thicker mesophylls, and thicker CMs when compared with shade leaves. Cuticular membranes are thicker on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of sun leaves as a result of deposition of more cuticular components and scaly epicuticular wax. Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermises have the same basic fine structure in sun and shade leaves with respect to the outer periclinal cell wall and overlying CM. The cell wall is lamellate and the CM is composed of a two-zoned, reticulate cuticular layer and an amorphous cuticle proper. The outer periclinal wall and asso ciated CM of the adaxial epidermis is thicker than that of the abaxial epidermis with both epidermal layers thicker in sun leaves compared with shade leaves. Difference in thickness of both epidermal layers, between sun and shade leaves, can be attributed to an increase in the inner reticulate region of the CM of sun leaves. Cells of the abaxial epidermis have ultrastructurally different CMs. Nonstomatal epidermal cells have a distinct amorphous cuticle proper whereas subsidiary cells have reticulations that traverse most of the outer CM. Guard cells have radially aligned reticulations through the entire outer CM and, therefore, lack an amorphous cuticle proper. Moreover, an internal CM, which is only sparsely reticulate, lines substomatal chambers. The internal CM of sun leaves is thicker and extends considerably deeper into substomatal chambers.

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THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON LEAF WAX DEVELOPMENT IN BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. GEMMIFERA

Cited by 298 publications

References 33 publications

Major Constituents of the Foliar Epicuticular Waxes of Species from the Caatinga and Cerrado

Major Constituents of the Foliar Epicuticular Waxes of Species from the Caatinga and Cerrado

Developmental Changes in Leaf Epicuticular Waxes in Relation to Foliar Penetration

Morphological and Ultrastructural Studies of Plant Cuticular Membranes. I. Sun and Shade Leaves of Quercus velutina (Fagaceae)

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