The Influence of Fertilizer Treatment of Pastures on the Mineral Composition of the Herbage and the Incidence of Hypomagnesemia in Dairy Cows

Hvidsten, H.; Ødelien, M.; Bærug, R.; Tollersrud, Sverre

doi:10.1080/00015125909434250

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The use of fertilizers, in general, modifies the chemical composition of plants (3). N application, unless it so enhances growth that uptake does not keep pace with yield, increases N and protein concentrations in plants (5,13,28). According to Jones (14), N fertilization usually causes an initial rise in protein levels but, as the season advances, concentrations often decrease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization¹

Hojjati¹,

Templeton²,

Taylor

1977

Agronomy Journal

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Most research on N fertilization of grasslands has dealt with yield responses, with much less attention to feed quality. These field studies were undertaken to determine the effects of four rates of N and harvest time on levels of crude protein (CP), P, Ca, K, and Mg in spring and early‐summer aftermaths of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa protensis L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown on Typic Paleudults soil. NH4NO3 was applied to supply 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N/ha. The fertilizer treatments were replicated in time (9 April, 30 April, and 21 May), as well as space, to introduce different environmental conditions and plant development stages. Herbage samples were collected weekly during three 6‐week periods following fertilization. CP in both grasses increased with larger applications of N, reaching peak values of 32.8 and 32.5% in bluegrass and tall fescue, respectively, in the first growth period, 2 weeks after fertilization. Minimum values of 11.8 and 9.7% occurred in 6‐week growths of bluegrass and fescue, respectively, with 50 kg N/ha. Effects of N on P concentrations were inconsistent. Concentrations of Ca and K in both grasses rose with increasing N, as did Mg in the first two growth periods. In the second half of period 3, high N decreased Mg concentrations. The latter effect and the fact that high levels of N reduce Mg availability to animals indicate an increased likelihood of tetany, especially with bluegrass, when large amounts of N are applied in spring. Elemental concentrations of Ca, P, and K in both grasses appeared adequate to meet ruminant requirements, irrespective of N application. With the possible exception of K, none of the four elements appeared to be limiting for plant growth. Bluegrass herbage, especially in growth period 3, often contained less than 2.0% K. Ca/P ratios increased with higher applications of N in periods 2 and 3, but not in 1. Effects of N on K/(Ca+Mg) ratios were inconsistent, but values only once reached the critical level of 2.2.

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“…It has been observed that application of N fertilizer, which may increase K uptake by p1ants andjor decrease Mg utilization by livestock, often is associated with the occurrence of tetany (7). A high Kj(Ca+Mg) ratio in forage has been suspect, with forage having a value higher than 2.2 being dangerous (13,15,26).…”

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Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization¹

Hojjati¹,

Templeton²,

Taylor

1977

Agronomy Journal

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“…Several European workers have shown that heavy applications of potassic and nitrogenous fertilisers, particularly when used together, lower serum-Mg levels and increase the incidence of grass tetany (e.g., Hvidsten, Odelien, Baerug, and Tollersrud 1959;Kemp 1958Kemp , 1960Smyth, Conway, and Walshe 1958;Wolton 1960Wolton , 1963Poole 1965). High potassium in the herbage is perhaps the more frequently implicated, although Bartlett et al, (1957) reported severe hypomagnesaemia induced by heavy dressings of ammonium sulphate.…”

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Chemical composition of pastures in relation to grass tetany in beef breeding cows

Metson¹,

Saunders²,

Collie³

et al. 1966

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Pastures from 27 sites (19 farms). mainly in the Hawke's Bay district. were sampled during an outbreak of grass tetany in beef breeding cows. Pastures were generally ryegrass-dominant. with little clover at grazing height, and were mainly closely grazed. Chemical analyses gave the following results (mean value and range of values, (1.42-3.63).The magnesium levels fall within the range where occurrence of hypomagnesaemic tetany may be considered a possibility. and the over-all results suggest that the deficiency of magnesium in the animal is induced by a high-protein-vlow-energy intake. Possible contributory factors in the pasture are high potassium, low calcium. and low sodium. Since no fertiliser nitrogen or potassium was used. the high level of these elements is attributed mainly to luxury consumption from highfertility patches resulting from the return of animal excreta.

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“…This is in agree ment with the results of Cook (1930) who found that potassium fertilization decreased the nitrate content of several small grains. However, Barker and Bradfield (I962) and Hvidsten et al• (1959) found that potassium increased the nitrate accumu lation in com and forages respectively. No hypothesis was presented for this effect.…”

Section: Factors Affecting No^-n Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In general, culti vated grain crops and weeds have been found to contain more nitrate than native grasses (Whitehead and Moxon, 1952). A number of investigators have found differences between species (Brady ejb al., 1955» Case, 1957Crawford and Kennedy, I96I;ap Griffith, 1958;Kanway and Englehorn, 1958;Hvidsten et al, 1959;and Olson and Whitehead, 19^0). However, some of the differences reported may be due to differences, in soil fertility, environmental effects or stage of maturity of the respective plants.…”

Section: Factors Affecting No^-n Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate accumulation in smooth bromegrass as influenced by applied fertilizer and environmental conditions

Vanderlip

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The Influence of Fertilizer Treatment of Pastures on the Mineral Composition of the Herbage and the Incidence of Hypomagnesemia in Dairy Cows

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization¹

Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization¹

Chemical composition of pastures in relation to grass tetany in beef breeding cows

Nitrate accumulation in smooth bromegrass as influenced by applied fertilizer and environmental conditions

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The Influence of Fertilizer Treatment of Pastures on the Mineral Composition of the Herbage and the Incidence of Hypomagnesemia in Dairy Cows

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization1

Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization1

Chemical composition of pastures in relation to grass tetany in beef breeding cows

Nitrate accumulation in smooth bromegrass as influenced by applied fertilizer and environmental conditions

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Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization¹

Changes in Chemical Composition of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Herbages Following N Fertilization¹