The Influence of Flexible Employment on Workers’ Wellbeing: Evidence From Chinese General Social Survey

Liu, Teng; Qian, Liu; Jiang, Daokui

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.771598

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In addition, studies suggest the mediating and moderating effect of other factors need to be taken into consideration when examining the impact of informal employment on workers' happiness. Social inequality [32], income [37] and unemployment probability [38] play a mediating role in the relationship between informal employment and subjective wellbeing, while other factors, such as the labor system, can moderate some mediating effect [30]. The study by Liu et al shows that lower labor income reduces the informal workers' happiness, while social security moderates this negative impact.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Subjective Well-Being between Formal and Informal Workers in Urban China

Huang

Yang

Lei

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This paper examines the relationship between different types of employment and subjective well-being with a focus on informal employment. The China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) for three selected years (2012, 2014 and 2016) shows an upward trend in the subjective well-being of urban workers in the 2010s. However, although the gap in subjective well-being between formal and informal workers narrowed, informal workers’ subjective well-being was still lower than their formal counterparts. Factors affecting the subjective well-being of formal and informal workers and their different effects were revealed to explain this difference. The subjective well-being of informal workers is significantly related to their informal status of employment, economic conditions (such as income and working hours), human capital, social capital (such as perceived social justice and perceived community connectedness) and urban environment. The paper enhances the understanding of people’s subjective well-being by differentiating informal/formal segments of working populations.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Subjective Well-Being between Formal and Informal Workers in Urban China

Huang

Yang

Lei

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Findings from this study are consistent with prior research on the association between mental health and job flexibility and job security. Increased job flexibility, such as reduced working hours, ability to work from home, or taking off time when needed, in addition to increased job stability have been shown to improve psychological outcomes and decrease anxiety among adults . Our study showed that greater job flexibility and job security were associated with 26% and 25% decreased odds, respectively, of experiencing serious psychological distress and a decrease in feelings of anxiety daily, weekly, and within the past year, indicating the substantive impact that flexible and secure jobs can have on mental health in the short-term and long-term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Increased job flexibility, such as reduced working hours, 20 ability to work from home, or taking off time when needed, 8 in addition to increased job stability have been shown to improve psychological outcomes and decrease anxiety among adults. [21][22][23] Our study showed that greater job flexibility and job security were associated with 26% and 25% decreased odds, respectively, of experiencing serious psychological distress and a decrease in feelings of anxiety daily, weekly, and within the past year, indicating the substantive impact that flexible and secure jobs can have on mental health in the short-term and long-term. Increased job JAMA Network Open | Occupational Health flexibility and job security can have positive outcomes on employees' mental health for several reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Job flexibility, such as the ability to adjust work hours or work remotely, can help employees better balance work and personal life commitments and priorities . This can reduce stress and anxiety associated with managing competing demands, leading to improved mental well-being . Flexible job arrangements also allow employees to have more control over their schedules, making it easier to meet personal and family obligations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Job Flexibility, Job Security, and Mental Health Among US Working Adults

Wang,

Narcisse,

Togher

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceUnderstanding the association between job characteristics and mental health can inform policies and practices to promote employee well-being.ObjectiveTo investigate associations between job characteristics and mental health, work absenteeism, and mental health care use among US adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey and included adults aged 18 years or older who reported employment during the past 12 months. Data were analyzed from May 2023 to January 2024.ExposuresJob flexibility was assessed as a summative variable to 3 questions: perceived ease of changing one’s work schedule to do things important to oneself or their family, regularity of work schedule changes, and advance notice of work hours. Job security was measured as perceived likelihood of losing one’s job.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMental health outcomes included self-reported serious psychological distress and frequency of anxiety. Work absenteeism was assessed using the number of missed workdays due to illness. Mental health care use was examined for both current and past year use. Multivariable logistic and binomial regression analyses were used to examine associations of interest.ResultsThe analytic sample consisted of 18 144 adults (52.3% [95% CI, 51.5%-53.2%] male; mean age, 42.2 [95% CI, 41.9-42.6] years). Greater job flexibility was associated with decreased odds of serious psychological distress (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63-0.86]; P &lt; .001) and lower odds of weekly anxiety (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.81-0.97]; P = .008) or daily anxiety (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.79-0.96]; P = .005). Greater job security was associated with decreased odds of serious psychological distress (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65-0.87]; P &lt; .001) and lower odds of anxiety weekly (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]; P &lt; .001) or daily (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.66-0.81]; P &lt; .001). Greater job flexibility (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.74-0.96]; P = .008) and job security (IRR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65-0.87]; P &lt; .001) were each associated with decreased number of days worked despite feeling ill over the past 3 months. Greater job security was associated with decreased absenteeism in the past year (IRR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82-0.98]; P &lt; .014).Conclusions and RelevanceOrganizational policies that enhance job flexibility and security may facilitate a healthier work environment, mitigate work-related stress, and ultimately promote better mental health.

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“…In recent years, the central government intends to reduce social insurance rates as a part of tax and fee reduction policy reform. On the other hand, social insurance, as a part of employee protection, provides employees with long-term benefits and wellbeing (Liu et al, 2022 ). Firms that pay social insurance fees in full amounts are usually in the leading position of corporate governance, employee welfare, and sustainable development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social insurance and earnings management: Too rich to be good

Bai¹,

Zhang²

2022

Front. Psychol.

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We examine the relationship between social insurance contributions and earnings management for publicly listed firms in China. Our empirical results show that the social insurance contributions burden significantly reduces the degree of earnings management by reducing the level of free cash flow. Additionally, the negative relation between social insurance contributions burden and earnings management is more pronounced when the internal and external social insurance pressures are high and when the firms are large non-state-owned enterprises. We also discuss the heterogeneity among firms for different financing constraints, external financing environment, regional marketization, and internal and external corporate governance. Finally, we further find that under the dual collecting system, although the social security administration is a better collecting agency, the local tax bureau acting with full responsibility is more effective than the collecting system.

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The Influence of Flexible Employment on Workers’ Wellbeing: Evidence From Chinese General Social Survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Differences in Subjective Well-Being between Formal and Informal Workers in Urban China

Differences in Subjective Well-Being between Formal and Informal Workers in Urban China

Job Flexibility, Job Security, and Mental Health Among US Working Adults

Social insurance and earnings management: Too rich to be good

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