The influence of fractions of egg yolk on the survival of ram spermatozoa at 5 degrees C

Pf, Watson; Ic, Martin

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0320310-a

Cited by 21 publications

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“…Egg yolk is a main component in extenders for storage and freezing of most mammalian semen including that of sheep. The active fraction of egg yolk is believed to be a low-density lipoprotein [1]. However, possible disadvantages of using egg yolk, such as great variability of composition and the risk of microbiological contamination, have also been pointed out [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dev. 54: [286][287][288][289] 2008) gg yolk-based semen extenders have been widely utilized for cryopreservation of semen from farm animals including sheep [1][2][3]. However, it is not always easy to prepare semen extenders consistent with quality standards because of the individual quality differences inherent in egg yolk due to the numbers of days after laying and the storage period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not always easy to prepare semen extenders consistent with quality standards because of the individual quality differences inherent in egg yolk due to the numbers of days after laying and the storage period. Also, addition of egg yolk reduces the acrosome integrity of goat spermatozoa [4], and high egg yolk concentrations reduce the post-thawing viability of ejaculated spermatozoa in several species, such as goats [5], rams [1] and water buffaloes [6]. Furthermore, there has been movement recently to eliminate all animal ingredients, including egg yolk, milk or bovine serum albumin (BSA), in order to design a defined semen extender.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The present study aimed to compare the fertility of ewes intrauterinally inseminated with frozen-thawed semen using a soybean-based semen extender (AndroMed) with those of ewes intrauterinally inseminated with frozenthawed semen using a Tris-based extender containing either egg yolk or BSA. Suffolk ewes (n=104) were treated with an intravaginal sponge containing 40 mg fluoroprogesterone acetate (FGA) for 12 days and an intramuscular injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin to induce estrus and ovulation during the non-breeding season (July, 2007). Intrauterine insemination was carried out 40-46 h after removal of the FGA sponge (n=90), regardless of the incidence of estrus. The pregnancy rates were not significantly different among the semen extenders containing egg yolk (64.5%) or BSA (58.6%) and AndroMed extender (56.7%). The lambing rates (64.5, 55.2 and 56.7% for the semen extenders containing egg yolk, BSA and AndroMed, respectively) and prolificacy (1.59 to 1.75) were also not significantly different. The present results indicate that an egg yolk-containing semen extender can be replaced with the non-animal derived extender AndroMed, which could be used for intrauterine insemination using frozen-thawed ram semen without reducing fertility. Key words: Artificial insemination, Fertility, Semen extender, Sheep (J. Reprod. Dev. 54: [286][287][288][289] 2008) gg yolk-based semen extenders have been widely utilized for cryopreservation of semen from farm animals including sheep [1][2][3]. However, it is not always easy to prepare semen extenders consistent with quality standards because of the individual quality differences inherent in egg yolk due to the numbers of days after laying and the storage period. Also, addition of egg yolk reduces the acrosome integrity of goat spermatozoa [4], and high egg yolk concentrations reduce the post-thawing viability of ejaculated spermatozoa in several species, such as goats [5], rams [1] and water buffaloes [6]. Furthermore, there has been movement recently to eliminate all animal ingredients, including egg yolk, milk or bovine serum albumin (BSA), in order to design a defined semen extender. Removal of chicken egg yolk from semen extenders would provide several advantages, such as improved consistency in the components of semen extenders and elimination of hygienic risks. Therefore, development of a synthetic semen extender free of animal sources has been desired. A soybean lecithin-based extender (AndroMed; Minitub, Tiefenbach, Germany) has been developed and utilized for bovine [7][8][9] and mountain gazelle semen [10]. Fresh and frozen ram semen diluted with a synthetic semen extender, AndroMed, has been inseminated with satisfactory fertility results in Norway (Paulenz H.: personal communication).Low fertility (20-30%) in ewes inseminated with frozen semen into the cervical orifice, an ordinal deposition site for artificial insemination (AI) in sheep, has not been applied fully on the field, except for intrauterine AI using laparoscopy (60-80% in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

et al. 2008

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“…Interestingly, greater resistance of mammalian sperm to cold shock has been noted in species in which the cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio and degree of saturated fatty acids in the phospholipid fraction were high [7,8]. Together, these findings suggest that the lower adaptability of membrane fluidity to low environmental temperature accounts for the notable decrease in the post-thaw quality of boar sperm.Hen egg yolk is widely used as a cryoprotective agent in freezing extender to protect mammalian sperm against cold shock damage; however, extender containing egg yolk can reduce the respiration and motility of sperm [9][10][11]. Furthermore, the use of egg yolk introduces possible sanitary risks [12][13][14][15], and several egg yolk components are known to interfere with laboratory biochemical assays and metabolic parameters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hen egg yolk is widely used as a cryoprotective agent in freezing extender to protect mammalian sperm against cold shock damage; however, extender containing egg yolk can reduce the respiration and motility of sperm [9][10][11]. Furthermore, the use of egg yolk introduces possible sanitary risks [12][13][14][15], and several egg yolk components are known to interfere with laboratory biochemical assays and metabolic parameters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Okinawan Native Agu Pig Spermatozoa After Addition of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Freezing Extender

Yamauchi

Lay

Azuma

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Technical refinement of boar sperm cryopreservation is indispensable for effective breeding of the rare Okinawan native pig, the Agu. The objective of the present study was to determine whether addition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) extracted from hen egg yolk to the freezing extender improves the characteristics of cryopreserved Agu spermatozoa. Ejaculated Agu sperm frozen in extender supplemented with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10% LDL instead of egg yolk was thawed, and the post-thaw sperm characteristics were evaluated. Treatment with 4-8% LDL during cooling and freezing significantly increased the intracellular cholesterol content, as compared to that of sperm frozen in extender containing 20% egg yolk (P<0.05). Higher potential resistance to cell damage from cryoinjury was also observed in sperm frozen in extender supplemented with LDL: the integrities of plasmalemma and DNA, mitochondrial activity and proteolytic activity of the acrosomal content in the post-thaw sperm were superior to those of sperm that were not treated with LDL. Moreover, the percentages of total motile sperm and the extent of rapid progressive motility at 1 and 3 h after incubation were markedly higher in sperm treated with 4 or 6% LDL, and these sperm also had more ATP. However, LDL did not inhibit in vitro sperm penetrability, even though the cholesterol content of post-thaw sperm was higher after treatment with LDL. These findings indicate that addition of 4-6% LDL instead of egg yolk to the freezing extender improves the post-thaw characteristics of Agu sperm by protecting sperm against cold shock damage during cryopreservation. Key words: Boar spermatozoa, Cell damage, Cryopreservation, Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [558][559][560][561][562][563][564][565] 2009) ecently, the male reproductive ability (i.e., semen volume, sperm quality and sperm concentration) of the Okinawan native pig, the Agu, has markedly decreased because of repeated inbreeding within a minority of the closed population for the past 20 years, which has resulted in a marked reduction in reproductive efficiency under natural mating conditions. Consequently, longterm preservation and storage of Agu sperm for artificial insemination (AI) has become a subject of interest because it permits insemination of a large number of females in a short period of time, avoids transmission of disease and conserves valuable germplasm stocks. However, the poor post-thaw survival of boar sperm has limited the success of AI with frozen sperm and has prevented its widespread acceptance in commercial breeding [1,2].Boar sperm are extremely sensitive to the damaging effects of cold shock [3]. The susceptibility of sperm to cryopreservation differs across species: rooster, human, monkey, rabbit and dog sperm are more resistant to cold shock than bull, ram, horse and boar sperm [3][4][5][6]. According to previous reports [4,6], the ratio of proteins to phospholipids in the plasma membrane is lowest in rooster sperm, at 0.46, moderate in bull and stallion sperm ...

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Low‐density lipoproteins protect sperm during cryopreservation in buffalo: Unraveling mechanism of action

Dalal

Chandolia

Pawaria

et al. 2020

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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This study was carried out to reveal factors and the mechanism of action by which lowdensity lipoproteins (LDLs) protect sperm better than egg yolk (EY) during cryopreservation. We extracted LDL from EY and compared the amount of calcium, progesterone, and antioxidants in EY and LDL. We found a very high concentration of progesterone (1423.95 vs. 10.46 ng/ml) and calcium (29.19 vs. 0.47 mM) in EY as compared with LDL. Antioxidant assays like DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the ferric reducing antioxidants power assay revealed that the LDL extender had almost double ability to lose hydrogen than the EY extender. For sperm cryopreservation, 20 ejaculates from four Murrah buffalo bulls were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots and extended in 10%, 12%, and 14% LDL (w/v) and EY-based extenders, followed by cryopreservation. The LDL-based extender prevented excessive cholesterol efflux, and its high content of antioxidants minimized reactive oxygen species generated during cryopreservation, resulting in a functional CatSper channel. The EY-based extender promoted excess cholesterol efflux due to the presence of highdensity lipoprotein, resulting in a compromised CatSper channel. High intracellular calcium in a cryopreserved sperm in the EY group as compared with the LDL group indicates that progesterone present in EY activates the CatSper channel, resulting in a heavy calcium influx into the sperm. The greater tyrosine phosphorylation and increased number of F-pattern in the sperm cryopreserved in the EY extender indicate that high intracellular calcium triggers more capacitation-like changes in the sperm cryopreserved in EY than LDL extender. In conclusion, we demonstrated the new facts and understandings about LDL and EY for semen cryopreservation.

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The influence of fractions of egg yolk on the survival of ram spermatozoa at 5 degrees C

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

Characteristics of Okinawan Native Agu Pig Spermatozoa After Addition of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Freezing Extender

Low‐density lipoproteins protect sperm during cryopreservation in buffalo: Unraveling mechanism of action

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