The Influence of Fuel Composition on Particulate Emissions of DI Diesel Engines

Bertoli, C.; Giacomo, N. Del; Iorio, B.; Prati, Maria Vittoria

doi:10.4271/932733

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Modem on-highway diesel fiiel contains less than 0.05% sulfiir by mass, as opposed to previous diesel fuel which had 0.15 to 0.3% sulfur by mass. The impact of sulfiir content on diesel engine particulate emission reduaion has been demonstrated by several researchers [46,47,48,49,50].…”

Section: Figure 21 Typical Diesel Particulate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of particulate and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines fueled with biodiesel

Chang

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Section: Figure 21 Typical Diesel Particulate Compositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of particulate and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines fueled with biodiesel

Chang

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“…The double bonds may make an aromatic hydrocarbon more difficult to break, thus requiring greater temperature to initiate combustion. Some studies have shown that aromatics have no effect on PM [27], while others showed that decreasing aromatics decreases PM [28,29,30] and NOx [29,30] emissions. Kidoguchi et al [30] suggested that a higher flame temperature is required for a higher aromatic content fuel and high flame temperatures lead to greater NOx formation.…”

Section: Aromatic Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

Nuszkowski¹

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Internal combustion engines have propelled society's transportation and power needs for the last century. However, with the regulatory demand to reduce air pollution, internal combustion engines are a major focus to reduce the emissions from these engines. Compression ignition or diesel engines are a major contributor to NOx and PM pollution. However, the life of these engines is much longer than that of their spark-ignited counterparts, causing the fleet of diesel engines to consist of a significant number of old, higher polluting engines. Fuel additives are one method of reducing emissions and/or enhancing performance in these older diesel engines without the need for technology upgrades (new engines/aftertreatment). Although diesel fuel additives' ability to reduce harmful emissions is well known in the literature, the mechanism as to how these additives work is not well understood. To explore the mechanism, three cetane improvers (2-EHN, DTBP, and ODA) were investigated on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine and 2004 EGR-equipped Cummins ISM370 engine incorporating sensors for in-cylinder pressure measurement and analysis. The engines were tested on the heavy-duty FTP cycle and the steady state SET test. The cetane improvers, depending on the additive, treat rate, and base fuel (excluding the biodiesel blends), showed significant reduction in NOx (2.2-4.9%) on the 1992 DDC engine and no change or significant increase (1.3-1.4%) on the 2004 Cummins engine when exercised over the transient FTP cycle. In the SET tests, low loads produced a NOx decrease (up to 8%) and high loads a NOx increase (up to 1.8%) with cetane improvers on the 1992 DDC engine. The 2004 Cummins engine showed little NOx decrease (up to 1%) or a NOx increase (up to 6.1%) with cetane improvers compared to the base fuel on the SET test. The biodiesel blends showed a similar trend with the additized neat fuel with decreased NOx at low load and increased NOx at high load on the 1992 DDC engine, suggesting a cetane effect due to the high cetane number of biodiesel. The heat release parameters showed that the change in NOx was due to the change in maximum cylinder pressure, maximum cylinder gas temperature, premix fraction, and pressure at the start of combustion on the 1992 DDC engine. Overall, the fuel additives reduced the premix fraction of the heat release on the 1992 DDC engine at all loads and reduced the premix fraction at low

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“…L'indice de cétane influence les émissions [Bertoli 1993, Martin 1992, Montagne 1991, Ryan 1993, mais on rencontre aussi l'avis opposé [Rantanen 1993]. Il est précisé également que les fuels hydrogénés produisent moins de polluants que les non-hydrogénés [Bertoli 1993]. La teneur en soufre du carburant n'influence pas les émissions des CO, HC, aldéhydes, HAP et particules (avant catalyseur) ].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Certains proposent que l'augmentation de l'émission de particules est liée à la teneur en aromatiques totaux, en diaromatiques, en triaromatiques, en naphthènes et en soufre [Advenier 1990, Bertoli 1993, Martin 1992, Ullman 1989]. D'autres corrèlent plutôt l'émission de particules avec la densité du gazole et sa teneur en soufre [Betts 1992, Cowley 1993, Rantanen 1993.…”

Section: Particulesunclassified

Etudes des mecanismes de formation des polluants specifiques emis par les moteurs a combustion interne

Zervas

Ζέρβας²

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Έχουν αναπτυχθεί μέθοδοι για την ανάλυση του διοξειδίου του θείου, αλκoολών και οργανικών οξέων. Η πρώτη περιλαμβάνει τη συλλογή του διοξειδίου του θείου σε ένα διάλυμα οξυγονωμένου νερού και ανάλυση με ιοντική χρωματογραφία με ανιχνευτή αγωγιμότητας. Η δεύτερη περιλαμβάνει τη συλλογή σε καθαρό νερό και ανάλυση με αέρια χρωματογραφία και ανίχνευση φλόγας ιονισμού. Η τρίτη μέθοδος χρησιμοποιεί τη συλλογή σε καθαρό νερό και την ανάλυση, για το μυρμηκικό οξύ με ιοντική χρωματογραφία, ενώ των άλλων οξέων με αέρια χρωματογραφία.Αυτές οι μέθοδοι εφαρμόστηκαν στην περίπτωση της ανάλυσης των μη οριοθετημένων ρύπων που εκπέμπονται από κινητήρες εσωτερικής καύσης. Ο πειραματικός σχεδιασμός περιλαμβάνει μία μήτρα καυσίμων και την ανάλυση των καυσαερίων και έχει εφαρμοστεί σε κινητήρας επιβαλλόμενης ανάφλεξης. Αποδείχθηκαν αρκετές ποιοτικές και ποσοτικές συσχετίσεις μεταξύ της σύνθεσης των καυσίμων και των εκπεμπόμενων ρύπων και βρέθηκαν οι πρόδρομες ουσίες του σχηματισμού των υδρογονανθράκων, αλδευδών, κετονών, αλκοολών και οργανικών οξέων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά δείχνουν ότι οι αρωματικές ενώσεις και το κυκλοεξάνιο συμβάλλουν στον σχηματισμό του βενζολίου, το 1-εξένιο και το κυκλοεξάνιο για το σχηματισμό του 1,3 βουταδιενίου, οι αρωματικές ουσίες είναι οι πρόδρομοι του προπιονικού οξέος και ο-ξυλόλιο δίνει βουτυρικό οξύ.

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The Influence of Fuel Composition on Particulate Emissions of DI Diesel Engines

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of particulate and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines fueled with biodiesel

Determination of particulate and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from diesel engines fueled with biodiesel

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

Etudes des mecanismes de formation des polluants specifiques emis par les moteurs a combustion interne

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