The Influence of Fuel Properties on Exhaust Emissions from Advanced Mercedes Benz Diesel Engines

Lange, Wilfried; Schäfer, Andreas; Le'Jeune, A.; Naber, Dirk; Reglitzky, A. A.; Gairing, Max

doi:10.4271/932685

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Furthermore, the lower content of aromatics in the fuel has been reported (8) to affect the mutagenic potential of diesel particles. For vehicles equipped with an oxidation catalyst the low fuel sulfur content has been found to be of particular importance because sulfur converts to sulfate at high catalyst operation temperatures (7,9) and, hence, may affect particulate emission rates remarkably.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Diesel Particles: Effects of Fuel Reformulation, Exhaust Aftertreatment, and Engine Operation on Particle Carbon Composition and Volatility

Ålander

Leskinen

Raunemaa

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Diesel exhaust particles are the major constituent of urban carbonaceous aerosol being linked to a large range of adverse environmental and health effects. In this work, the effects of fuel reformulation, oxidation catalyst, engine type, and engine operation parameters on diesel particle emission characteristics were investigated. Particle emissions from an indirect injection (IDI) and a direct injection (DI) engine car operating under steady-state conditions with a reformulated low-sulfur, low-aromatic fuel and a standard-grade fuel were analyzed. Organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon fractions of the particles were quantified by a thermal-optical transmission analysis method and particle size distributions measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The particle volatility characteristics were studied with a configuration that consisted of a thermal desorption unit and an SMPS. In addition, the volatility of size-selected particles was determined with a tandem differential mobility analyzer technique. The reformulated fuel was found to produce 10-40% less particulate carbon mass compared to the standard fuel. On the basis of the carbon analysis, the organic carbon contributed 27-61% to the carbon mass of the IDI engine particle emissions, depending on the fuel and engine operation parameters. The fuel reformulation reduced the particulate organic carbon emissions by 10-55%. In the particles of the DI engine, the organic carbon contributed 14-26% to the total carbon emissions, the advanced engine technology, and the oxidation catalyst, thus reducing the OC/EC ratio of particles considerably. A relatively good consistency between the particulate organic fraction quantified with the thermal optical method and the volatile fraction measured with the thermal desorption unit and SMPS was found.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Diesel Particles: Effects of Fuel Reformulation, Exhaust Aftertreatment, and Engine Operation on Particle Carbon Composition and Volatility

Ålander

Leskinen

Raunemaa

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A reduction in PM level was observed as the following was decreased; aromatics, cetane, sulfur, temperature of the T90 distillation, and density. The oxides of nitrogen are also impacted by fuel modifications, see Table 1.1 [5, 44,45].…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on DI Diesel Combustion and Emissions

Hallgren

Heywood

2001

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines are being placed under stricter regulations. The use of oxygenated fuels has been proposed as a means of complying with future emission levels. Previous research on oxygenates has suggested the presence of molecular oxygen within the fuel significantly reduces the formation of particulate matter (PM). The PM reduction is logarithmic and correlates with the weight percent of oxygen in the fuel and not with other properties such as chemical structure and volatility. However, many studies fail to correctly decouple the effects of oxygenates from other fuel properties that impact emission levels; such as cetane number, density, aromatic content, and volatility.Mechanisms responsible for changes in the combustion process and emissions were investigated with a matrix containing 14 fuels, addressing oxygenate proportionality, structure, volatility, equivalent structure without oxygen, and changes in the base diesel fuel. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to evaluate changes in particle size distributions, in addition to gravimetric filter and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) measurements.Engine emissions tests were conducted using a Ricardo Hydra MK IV direct injection (DI) diesel engine. The sensitivity of engine operation parameters to intake temperature, load, injection timing, and ignition delay (ID) were evaluated with the baseline fuel. All fuels in the matrix were matched for total released energy and combustion phasing, using a cetane improving additive. The changes in emission have been quantified with agreement between the relative trends observed with the integrated SMPS volume concentrations and filter measurements. In order to evaluate changes among fuels and measurements taken with the SMPS, various fuels were subjected to physical and chemical characterization in order to determine morphological and compositional changes.

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“…In instances where the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide is incomplete, CO is consequently vented into the exhaust. This typically occurs when the gas temperature during combustion is insufficiently low, resulting in a dearth of available oxygen in proximity to the hydrocarbon molecules [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Different Diesel Fuels Produced in Kurdistan-Region - Iraq

Jalil,

Anjel

2023

IJHT

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This investigation evaluates the impact of four distinct diesel fuel types, produced in Kurdistan, on a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine's performance and emission characteristics at a compression ratio of 17. An experimental approach was adopted to examine the influence of fuel type on brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and emissions including carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity. Additionally, the study scrutinized the effects of a constant cetane number (CN) across different fuel types in relation to engine output and pollutant generation. It was found that, in comparison to diesel type 1, type 3 fuel reduced smoke opacity by up to 35% while increasing BSFC by 18.18%. CO emissions associated with types 3 and 4 were 53.84% and 34.6% lower, respectively, than those measured for type 1. Except for type 1, all tested diesel variants emitted significantly lower UHC concentrations across the full load range. Conversely, diesel type 1 was linked to higher NOx emissions. The findings suggest that types 4 and 3 diesel fuels enhance combustion and emission profiles in diesel engines, presenting a potential avenue for optimization in engine performance and environmental compliance.

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The Influence of Fuel Properties on Exhaust Emissions from Advanced Mercedes Benz Diesel Engines

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Characterization of Diesel Particles: Effects of Fuel Reformulation, Exhaust Aftertreatment, and Engine Operation on Particle Carbon Composition and Volatility

Characterization of Diesel Particles: Effects of Fuel Reformulation, Exhaust Aftertreatment, and Engine Operation on Particle Carbon Composition and Volatility

Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on DI Diesel Combustion and Emissions

Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Different Diesel Fuels Produced in Kurdistan-Region - Iraq

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