The influence of functional social support on executive functioning in middle-aged African Americans

Sims, Regina C.; Levy, Shellie-Anne; Mwendwa, Denée T.; Callender, Clive O.; Campbell, Anne A.

doi:10.1080/13825585.2011.567325

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…In that regard, nonverbal memory and response inhibition showed a consistent inverse association with belonging, tangible, and/or self-esteem social support. These findings were not consistent with evidence that showed that distinct functions of social support were positively associated with cognitive function among African American middle age adults (Sims et al, 2011). It is possible that these relations vary as a function of the population of interest.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Sims et al (2011) found significant associations between belonging, self-esteem, and appraisal support and inhibition, and tangible support and cognitive set shifting among African Americans with a mean age of 45.6; however, the battery of neuropsychological measures utilized was limited. Evidence suggests that greater emotional support is significantly associated with greater cognitive performance, and that the need to belong and have close friendships is essential for overall well-being (Seeman et al, 2001; Baumeister & Leary, 1995).…”

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confidence: 91%

“…Similarly, Zhu et al (2012) found that mental status is greater among older adults who perceived high familial support. In a sample of middle-aged adults, high perceived social support was significantly correlated with improved executive function (Sims, Levy, Mwendwa, Callender, & Campbell, 2011). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Distinct Functions of Social Support and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults

Sims

Hosey

Levy

et al. 2014

Experimental Aging Research

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Background/Study Context Social support has been shown to buffer cognitive decline in older adults; however, few studies have examined the association of distinct functions of perceived social support and cognitive function. The current study examined the relations between distinct functions of social support and numerous cognitive domains in older adults. Methods Data were derived from a cross-sectional, correlational study of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive function, and neuroimaging. The participants were 175 older adults with a mean age of 66.32. A number of neuropsychological tests and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were administered. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine cross-sectional relations of social support to cognitive function after controlling for age, gender, education, depressive symptomatology, systolic blood pressure, body-mass index, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Results No significant positive relations were found between distinct functions of social support and cognitive function in any domain; however, inverse relations emerged such that greater social support across several functions was associated with poorer nonverbal memory and response inhibition. Conclusion Results suggest that the receipt of social support may be a burden for some older adults. Within the current study, fluid cognitive abilities reflected this phenomenon. The mechanism through which social support is associated with poorer cognitive function in some domains deserves further exploration.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 91%

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Distinct Functions of Social Support and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults

Sims

Hosey

Levy

et al. 2014

Experimental Aging Research

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“…Further sociodemographic data have been previously published. 28 Covariates were selected based on relevant literature and confirmed with bivari-ate correlational analyses. Variables were square root or log transformed to correct for skewness before being entered into the analyses.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study entitled The Psychoneuroimmunological Risk Factors in Renal Health and Disease examined the effects of psychoneuroimmunological factors on renal health in African Americans; study protocol has been described elsewhere 28. …”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Spirituality on Depression-Induced Inflammation and Executive Functioning in a Community Sample of African Americans

et al. 2019

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African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately affected by cerebrovascular pathology and more likely to suffer from premature cognitive decline. Depression is a risk factor for poorer cognitive functioning, and research is needed to identify factors that serve to mitigate its negative effects. Studies have demonstrated positive influences of spirituality within the AA community. Determining whether spirituality attenuates the effects of depressive symptoms on cognitive functioning and the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these relationships in AAs is paramount. This study examines the influence of daily spiritual experiences on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning, and how inflammatory markers may partially explain these associations. A sample of 212 (mean age= 45.6) participants completed the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (Stroop). Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1a, TNF-a). Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations. Higher BDI-II scores were associated with poorer psychomotor speed and visual scanning, measured by TMT A (B=1.49, P=.01). IL-6 explained a significant amount of variance in this relationship (B=.24, CI 95% [.00, .64]). IL-6 also significantly mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and psychomotor speed and mental flexibility, measured by TMT B performance (B=.03, CI 95% [.003, .095]). Frequent spiritual experiences among AAs may ameliorate the negative influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive functioning.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):267-276; doi:10.18865/ed.29.2.267

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Social factors that predict cognitive decline in older African American adults

Pugh

Vito

Divers

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives Projections from the United States Census Bureau suggest that the African American population may be the fastest growing race over the next 30 years and that they may be at the highest risk for developing dementia later in life. Various social factors have been shown to be associated with cognitive function and health outcomes. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between social engagement and cognitive decline in a cohort of older African American adults. Methods We utilized multilevel modeling to examine the association between cognitive decline and social engagement in a sample of 617 older African American adults. Results Social activity was associated with global cognition, perceptual speed, perceptual orientation, and episodic memory over time. Loneliness was associated with better semantic memory performance over time. Perceived discrimination was associated with better semantic memory performance over time. Larger social network was associated with worse perceptual speed scores over time. Conclusions Although our findings on loneliness and perceived discrimination over time were inconsistent with prior research, our findings on social activity and social network size over time were consistent with past literature and are thought to be due to positive social interactions providing a catalyst for cognitively stimulating activities. These results suggest that interventions designed to preserve cognition in African American older adults should incorporate adequate social activity. Furthermore, to maximize effectiveness, interventions should not necessarily focus on just expanding one's social network.

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The influence of functional social support on executive functioning in middle-aged African Americans

Cited by 29 publications

References 45 publications

Distinct Functions of Social Support and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults

Distinct Functions of Social Support and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults

Influence of Spirituality on Depression-Induced Inflammation and Executive Functioning in a Community Sample of African Americans

Social factors that predict cognitive decline in older African American adults

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