The influence of genital tract status in postpartum period on the subsequent reproductive performance in high producing dairy cows

López-Helguera, I.; López‐Gatius, F.; García-Ispierto, Irina

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.038

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Ultrasonography appears to be as sensitive as cytology at detecting these cows and will be more convenient practically. In a recent study, measurement of cervical diameter, endometrial thickness and assessment of echogenicity of the Herd monitoring to optimise fertility intra-uterine fluid from Days 15 to 21 postpartum predicted subsequent reproductive performance (López-Helguera et al, 2012). Doppler assessment of uterine blood flow and involution postpartum are still in their infancy and more data comparing animals with and without subsequent disease are needed before the clinical use of this procedure can be assessed (Heppelmann et al, 2013).…”

Section: Smith Oultram and Dobsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd monitoring to optimise fertility in the dairy cow: making the most of herd records, metabolic profiling and ultrasonography (research into practice)

Smith

Oultram

Dobson

2014

Animal

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Fertility performance is intrinsically linked to the quality of the animal environment, overall management and nutrition. This review describes the use of dairy herd records, metabolic profiles and ultrasonographic findings at veterinary fertility examinations to monitor and manage dairy herd fertility. After calving, a cow has to overcome a series of physiological hurdles before establishing a pregnancy. The selection of timely key performance indicators (KPIs) that monitor specific events in the postpartum and service periods is vital to correctly identify problems and their potential causes that hopefully can be rectified. Cumulative sum charts are the timeliest monitors of efficiency of detection of oestrus, insemination outcome and relationship between postpartum events and fertility, with the point of inflection indicating when a change took place. Other KPIs use data from specific cohorts, adding an inherent delay to when change is indicated. Metabolic profiles and milk constituent data allow monitoring of nutritional adequacy and developments to offer new possibilities of on-farm systems for regular measurements of milk constituents (including progesterone) and energy status. Examination of the reproductive tract can be used to indicate individual and herd fertility status but the currently available detail is under used. Recent advances in ultrasonography can improve the diagnosis of reproductive tract pathophysiology still further but the clinical use of these methods in veterinary practice needs further evaluation. Development of new KPIs to exploit research findings are needed to ensure this knowledge is used to improve on-farm performance.Keywords: cattle, fertility records, metabolic, ultrasound ImplicationsThis review describes how dairy herd records, measurement of metabolic compounds and detection of the physiological state of a cows reproductive tract by ultrasonography can be used to monitor reproductive and nutritional management of a herd. It guides the selection of timely key performance indicators (KPIs) that monitor specific events in the period after calving and during the service period. It suggests the development of new KPIs to exploit research findings to improve on-farm performance. By deploying these findings farmers could improve cattle fertility and herd profitability.

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Section: Smith Oultram and Dobsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herd monitoring to optimise fertility in the dairy cow: making the most of herd records, metabolic profiling and ultrasonography (research into practice)

Smith

Oultram

Dobson

2014

Animal

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“…The entire reproductive tract was examined by ultrasound using a portable B-mode ultrasound scanner (Easi-scan ® with a 7.5 MHz transducer). In Visit 1, cows were classed as suffering from endometritis according to the criteria described by López-Helguera et al (2012): the presence of echogenic intrauterine fluid (IUF), a cervical diameter of ≥ 4 cm or an endometrial thickness ≥ 0.75 cm.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and shedding patterns after Coxiella burnetii vaccination in the third gestation trimester in dairy cows

Tutusaus

López‐Gatius

Serrano

et al. 2014

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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This study sought to assess the effects of an inactivated phase I vaccine against Coxiella burnetii at the start of the third trimester of gestation on serological profiles, bacterial shedding patterns and subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Cows were randomly assigned to a control (n = 78) or a vaccinated (n = 78) group on days 171-177 of gestation. Samples of placenta and colostrums at parturition, vaginal fluid, faeces, milk (PCR identification) and blood (anti-C. burnetii antibody detection) were obtained on the day of treatment and on days 91-97 post partum, and also on parturition day and weekly on days 1-7, 8-14, 15-21, 22-28 and 29-35 post partum in a subset of 70 animals. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, no significant effect of vaccination was detected on any of the reproductive variables studied. According to the odds ratio, C. burnetii shedding on days 171-177 of gestation was highly correlated with seropositivity against C. burnetii (OR = 9.1), while vaccination was not linked to reduced shedding of the bacterium. In shedders compared to others, the likelihood of pregnancy to first AI decreased and increased by factors of 0.26 and 16.1 on days 1-35 and 91-97 post partum, respectively. In conclusion, when administered at the start of the third trimester of pregnancy, the inactivated C. burnetii phase I vaccine failed to reduce bacterial shedding.

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“…Therefore, uterine pathologies such as puerperal metritis, clinical endometritis and subclinical endometritis induce endometrial damage that compromises embryo attachment success, hence reducing the probability of successful conception, increasing calving to conception interval and number of cows culled due to conception failure , Lopez-Helguera et al, 2012). …”

Section: Embryo Mortality and Endometrial Receptivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These quick, generally harmless and low-cost methods for on-farm diagnosis are common in clinical practice, although their accuracy in terms of prediction of successful attachment is subjective and limited (Lopez-Helguera et al, 2012, Madoz et al, 2014.…”

Section: Uterine Assessment For Endometrial Receptivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uterine pathologies such as puerperal metritis, clinical endometritis and subclinical endometritis induce endometrial damage and alter the intrauterine environment predisposing to fertilisation failure and early embryonic losses, thus increasing both calving to conception interval and culling rates , Lopez-Helguera et al, 2012. Therefore, early detection of these uterine infections in individual cows, before breeding or ET is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of endometrial biopsy on uterine health in tropically adapted beef cattle

Garzon¹,

Orlando²

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In cattle, early embryonic loss during the first two to three weeks after fertilisation is recognised as the major cause of reproductive failure, with consequent significant impacts on business performance of beef and dairy farms. Inadequate endometrial receptivity is considered an important cause of early embryonic mortality in cattle. A pilot experiment was conducted to compare the outcome of performing different endometrial sampling procedures in tropically adapted (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) heifers, and to select the most suitable method to collect samples for investigation of endometrial gene expression. Endometrial biopsy (EB) using a biopsy device with a diameter similar to an artificial insemination gun (10366L Karl Storz®, Germany) was found to be the most reliable method of collecting endometrial samples in these heifers, with the samples recovered yielding a mean concentration of RNA of 72.9 ±39.3 ng/µl and mean RNA integrity number (RIN) of 7.3 ±1.1.To assess the likely safety of conducting EB in cattle a systematic review of published information assessing the impact of EB on subsequent pregnancy rates was conducted. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, online searches identified 1164 possible studies. After applying the exclusion criteria, six studies allowed the comparison of pregnancy rates between sampled (n= 1,208) and non-sampled cows (n=2,393). The results showed that EB can be performed before breeding without adversely affecting the likelihood of cows becoming pregnant.A major objective of the research was to determine whether EB and evaluation of endometrial gene expression could be used to identify tropically adapted embryo transfer (ET) recipients more likely to become pregnant. Three potential EB scenarios were investigated, 1) EB on Day 7 of the oestrous cycle prior to the cycle when ET would be performed, 2) EB on Day 4 of the oestrous cycle in which ET would be performed i.e. EB 3 days before ET, and 3) EB on the same day when ET would be performed.The first study assessed the morphological and inflammatory changes induced by endometrial biopsy. Pre-synchronised heifers underwent EB from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) either at Day 7 of the previous cycle (Group 1 n=10) followed by administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α or at Day 4 (Group 2, n=7) of the present cycle. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 7 of the present cycle. The site of EB was visually evident in 40% (4/10) of Group 1 and 42% (3/7) of Group 2 heifers. Histological assessment revealed no evidence of changes indicative of endometritis in either the biopsied or non-biopsied horns in both groups. The histological iii changes observed included mild mononuclear infiltration of the epithelium and mild vascular changes associated with haemorrhage and congestion.Initial investigation of the endometrial expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β and wound healing cytokine TGFβ genes found no significant difference betwe...

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The influence of genital tract status in postpartum period on the subsequent reproductive performance in high producing dairy cows

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Herd monitoring to optimise fertility in the dairy cow: making the most of herd records, metabolic profiling and ultrasonography (research into practice)

Herd monitoring to optimise fertility in the dairy cow: making the most of herd records, metabolic profiling and ultrasonography (research into practice)

Serological and shedding patterns after Coxiella burnetii vaccination in the third gestation trimester in dairy cows

Effect of endometrial biopsy on uterine health in tropically adapted beef cattle

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