The influence of government science and technology policies on new product development in the USA, UK, South Korea and Taiwan

Schoening, Niles C.; Souder, William E.; Lee, Jinjoo; Cooper, Cary L.

doi:10.1504/ijtm.1998.002641

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We do not deliberately anticipate which type of innovation collaboration public support programs will encourage, but leave it as an empirical question. The role of multiple external linkages in the innovation process has been emphasized many times in the literature (Rothwell, 1992;von Hippel, 1988), and previous studies have revealed that both types of collaboration are important and the government can play an important role in promoting both of them (Schoening et al, 1998;OECD, 1999;Tripsas, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

The moderating effect of a firm's internal climate for innovation on the impact of public R&D support programmes

Wong¹,

2003

IJEIM

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Adopting a broader behavioral additionality framework for evaluating public R&D support programs, this study investigates explicitly the moderating effect of firm's internal climate for innovation on the relationship between public R&D support and firm innovation behavior. We hypothesize that if there is a positive relationship between public R&D support and firm innovation activities, this phenomenon is more likely to be observed in firms with a promotive internal climate for innovation, rather than in firms with a restrictive one. Based on a sample of 135 Singapore manufacturing firms, we discover significant moderating effect of firm's internal climate for innovation on the impact of public R&D support on several measures of firm innovation input, output and collaboration behavior. We identify two distinct dimensions of internal climate for innovation (organizational policies and individual attitudes) which exhibit different moderating effect. Moreover, if this moderating effect is not taken into account, the impact of public R&D support on some aspects of firm innovation behavior may be obscured.

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confidence: 99%

The moderating effect of a firm's internal climate for innovation on the impact of public R&D support programmes

Wong¹,

2003

IJEIM

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“…Firms ought to know whether they are responding to their customers' needs by assessing the degree to which customer involvement in the design of their products might lead to changes in manufacturing processes (May et al, 2003;Hirst and Mann, 2004). Firm performance might also be conditioned by external regulations and standards affecting certain areas of their activity, and the firm also needs to respond to these (Rosenberg, 1982;Morrison and Siegel, 1996;Shoening et al, 1998;Dowdell and Press, 2004;García and Mulero, 2005). This last issue can become a real barrier to the firm's performance outcomes, in terms of sales or profit increases and overall innovation rates.…”

Section: Measuring the Effectiveness Of Randd Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the effectiveness of R & D activities

Mendigorri

Valderrama

Cornejo

2016

Management Decision

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to validate empirically a measurement scale of the effectiveness of R & D activities, starting from previous work in which the content was validated. Design/methodology/approach – Following psychometric standards the authors have addressed the analysis phases of construct dimensionality, reliability and validity (convergent, discriminant and nomologic), and the scale criteria are shown to be valid in their three temporal manifestations (retrospective, concurrent and predictive). The empirical evidence was drawn from a sample of 85 companies belonging to the Spanish pharmaceutical sector. Findings – Globally the authors provide evidence of reliability, validity of construct and validity of criterion in their diverse manifestations, for the scale designed and validated, on effectiveness in R & D. The authors divide the results into two groups: one for content of the scale and the other for relationships of the scale with other variables. With respect to the first, it is notable that, although in general the variables analyzed coincide with the previous broad and multidisciplinary theory on the success factors of R & D activities, what the authors provide is empirical evidence of the most important factors and variables for effectiveness in R & D; the authors emphasize that the results of the sample analyzed indicate that the most important factor is the close integration of the R & D activities with the corporate strategy, followed by the proper planning of these activities, and the achievement of financial results for the company. With respect to the relationship of the scale with other variables, the authors have found positive and significant relationships between the effectiveness in R & D and the following financial variables: net turnover and earnings after taxes. The authors have also found positive and significant relationships between different characteristics of the company and the achievement of success in R & D activities. Thus, being a company of larger size, the existence of an R & D department, the existence of specific incentive systems for the R & D personnel, the adoption of new management techniques in the R & D department, and the patents policy of the company are all factors that have a positive influence. Research limitations/implications – There are three main limitations of the study: the size of the sample; the decision to use a very particular highly innovatory sector, the pharmaceutical industry; and conducting the study in only one specific country, Spain. The results should be interpreted taking into account these limitations. Another limitation is the absence of previously validated scales. This meant that the authors were unable to do any comparative analyses. Practical implications – The authors have contributed by summarizing and testing the existing theories on the factors of success in R & D. This should give R & D managers a more comprehensive and useful picture of the variables that have been considered more important, and should enable them to choose from among the range of variables proposed those that may be considered most relevant for inclusion in their own balanced scorecard. More generally, the results should help them in the management of their activity. For researchers the authors make available an already validated scale with which to work in various different samples and settings. Originality/value – The originality of the work resides in two aspects. First, a very wide set of variables proposed in the literature is analyzed, with the object of establishing the relationships and the ranking of these variables, which would not be clear if the variables were analyzed in isolation. Second, there is originality in the methodology employed for measuring the result of activities with a high level of uncertainty and risk, specifically R & D activities in the highly innovative companies of the pharmaceutical industry. It is original because, to date, the scale has only been validated theoretically – there is no work in the literature validating it empirically.

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“…Schoening et al (1998) compared the influence of science and technology policies adopted by governments in United States, Britain, Taiwan and Korea on 86 new products developed (NPD) by firms. They found that in the U.S. and Britain, governments' policies had little direct effect on NPD activities in private sectors.…”

Section: The Roles Of Government In Industrial Technology Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Salmenkaita and Salo (2002) examine the reasons why governments intervene in industrial technology progress. Schoening et al (1998); King and Nowack (2003); Lu and Lazonick (2001), summarize methods adopted by certain governments to intervene in industrial technology progress. Our research examines the practices of government bodies in the construction industry, acting as clients, regulator and in various cases an administrator.…”

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confidence: 99%

Technology progress in the Chinese construction industry under the iron-fist of government

Gong

Shen

Jiang

et al. 2013

Technology Analysis & Strategic Management

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Government policies and actions in transitional economies have far-reaching consequences for technology progress. Many studies suggest the important role of governments in providing policies and finance to facilitate technology innovations. The Chinese government has often been seen to exemplify this. This article probes government actions in practice, the way it is conducted and the negative consequences for innovation. We focus on one of China's most important and successful sectors -construction. An analytical framework based on "complex systems industry" is used and a causal map developed to examine the role of the Chinese government acting as client, regulator and administrator of industrial and professional bodies and their impact on innovation in the construction sector. This paper confirms that innovation is industry specific and social and economic context dependent. While recognising the powerful role of the Chinese government, it argues that in reality the "Chinese government" is not a uniform entity, but rather consists of various entities acting in accordance with their varied vested interests at a specific time and under particular circumstances.

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The influence of government science and technology policies on new product development in the USA, UK, South Korea and Taiwan

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

The moderating effect of a firm's internal climate for innovation on the impact of public R&D support programmes

The moderating effect of a firm's internal climate for innovation on the impact of public R&D support programmes

Measuring the effectiveness of R & D activities

Technology progress in the Chinese construction industry under the iron-fist of government

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