The Influence of Grazing upon Certain Soil and Climatic Conditions in Farm Woodlands<sup>1</sup>

Chandler, Robert F.

doi:10.2134/agronj1940.00021962003200030008x

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Vegetation removal by livestock can increase soil temperatures (Chandler 1940). A potential effect of higher soil temperatures would be greater soil faunal activity, culminating in greater mineralization rates (Alexander 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

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Svejcar

Riegel

2006

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

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Svejcar

Riegel

2006

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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“…Because of altered site conditions, Cattle grazing may also favor the successful establishment of small seeded species relative to those with larger seeds. A well‐documented impact of cattle grazing is soil compaction, which decreases the size of both soil particles or aggregates and soil pores (Chandler 1940, Kucera 1952). Cattle grazing can also dramatically reduce the amount of leaf litter (DenUyl 1938).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The number and size of seeds in common versus restricted woodland herbaceous species in central Iowa, USA

Mabry¹

2004

Oikos

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Mabry, C. M. 2004. The number and size of seeds in common versus restricted woodland herbaceous species in central Iowa, USA. Á/ Oikos 107: 497 Á/504.Few plants have widespread distributions and occur wherever there is suitable habitat. Most species are absent from seemingly suitable sites because of limited colonizing ability. At a landscape scale colonization is limited by lack of seeds or suitable microsites, and this limit is likely to be exacerbated by current human alteration of the landscape. To test the hypothesis that species with restricted distributions have a more limited capacity for dispersal compared to common species, I compared seed number in a group of seven common woodland herbaceous species compared to seven species in the same genus or family with more restricted distributions. Restricted species had nearly an order of magnitude fewer seeds compared to closely related common species. They also produced over an order of magnitude larger seeds. These results support dispersal limitation. The ability to detect these differences was reduced when taxonomic information was not included. The data suggest that these species can not maximize both seed size and seed number. The results are interpreted in light of the human disturbance history that has had an overriding influence on the Iowa landscape and has likely favored species with an output advantage of abundant seeds over species with far fewer seeds.

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

Blank

Svejcar

Riegel

2006

REM

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Data on the effects of livestock grazing on soil nutrient availability are virtually nonexistent for meadow systems. We measured the effect of livestock grazing on soil, emphasizing soil-solution chemistry, in a Sierra Nevada riparian meadow. Treatments were livestock exclusion (begun in 1989) and grazing to leave 1 000 kg ha À1 of vegetation. Ceramic tension lysimeters were placed in the treatments (2 replicates) by landscape position (stream edge, midfloodplain, and forest edge), and by depth (approximately 0.1, 0.6, and 1.2 m below the soil surface). Lysimeter water was extracted twice monthly in April, May, and June of 1990 through 1993, and cations and anions were quantified. In addition, KCl-extractable NO 3 À and NH 4 þ ; bicarbonate-extractable ortho-P; available Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn; and root-length density (RLD) were quantified in soils by treatment, landscape position, and soil depth in July 1991 and September 1993. RLD was not affected by grazing. Significant (P 0.05) treatment effects were largely limited to the forest edge. The grazed treatment had greater lysimeter-extractable Na þ , Ca þ2 , Mg þ2 , and NO 3 À ; higher pH; and less K þ and NH 4 þ than the excluded treatment. Compared with corresponding excluded treatments, bicarbonate-extractable P was significantly greater on the grazed forest edge, and available Mn was significantly greater at the grazed stream-edge position in 1991. Extractable NO 3 À was significantly higher in the 0-25 cm depth increment of the grazed treatment, and available Zn was significantly greater on the grazed midfloodplain position in 1993. Grazing did not result in more anoxic soil conditions than the excluded treatment. Grazing effects were most pronounced at the forest edge, possibly as a result of spatial transfer of nutrients via cow urine and feces. Management goals to sustain highelevation meadows should emphasize maintenance of high RLD to sequester soil nutrients. ResumenVirtualmente no existen datos del efecto del pastoreo animal en la disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo en sistemas de praderas. Medimos el efecto del apacentamiento del ganadosobre el suelo, enfatizando en la química de la solució n del suelo en una pradera ribereñ a de la Sierra Nevada. Los tratamientos fueron, exclusió n al ganado (desde 1989) y apacentamiento hasta dejar 1 000 kg ha À1 de vegetació n. En los tratamientos se colocaron lísimetros cerámicos de tensió n (dos repeticiones) en cada posició n del paisaje (orilla de cauce, cauce medio y límite del bosque) y por profundidad (aproximadamente 0.1, 0.6, y 1.2 m bajo la superficie). El agua del lísimetro se extrajo dos veces por mes, en abril, mayo, y junio de 1990 a 1993 y se cuantificaron los aniones y cationes. Ademá s, se cuantifico el KCl-extractable; NO 3 À y NH 4 þ ; ortho-P extractable con bicarbonato; Mn, Cu, Fe, y Zn disponibles; y la densidad de la longitud raíz (RLD), estas determinaciones se realizaron por tratamiento, posició n del paisaje y profundidad de suelo en julio 1991 y septiembre 1993. RLD no fue afecta...

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The Influence of Grazing upon Certain Soil and Climatic Conditions in Farm Woodlands¹

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

The number and size of seeds in common versus restricted woodland herbaceous species in central Iowa, USA

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

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The Influence of Grazing upon Certain Soil and Climatic Conditions in Farm Woodlands1

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

The number and size of seeds in common versus restricted woodland herbaceous species in central Iowa, USA

Soil Attributes in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Meadow as Influenced by Grazing

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The Influence of Grazing upon Certain Soil and Climatic Conditions in Farm Woodlands¹