The influence of heat treatment on the crystallite size, dislocation density, stacking faults probability and optical band gap of nanostructured cadmium sulfide films

Soleimanian, Vishtasb; Saeedi, Marzieh; Mokhtari, Azam

doi:10.1016/j.mssp.2014.09.033

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Based on the direct allowed inter band transition theory, the optical band gap of CdS is determined by extrapolating the linear part of the curve to the zero absorption coefficient ( = 0) as shown in Fig.2. The film exhibits an energy gap of 2.4217122 (eV) under this condition not far from the theoretical value of 2.42 (eV)[10] and similar to the band gap of bulk CdS in comparison with those reported by others (2.3152 (eV) and 2.4286 (eV) respectively)[27][28][29][30][31].…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

Determination of the optimal conditions for the deposition of Cadmium sulfide thin films by chemical bath deposition using Taguchi method

Arba¹,

Hartiti²,

Ridah³

et al. 2015

2015 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)

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Thin films of Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is one of the promising semiconductor materials which can be used as a tampon materials deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) in thin film solar cells thanks to its tunable direct band gap energy, large transmission coefficient and cost effective.The role of the CdS layer is still debated within the scientific community, but the material efficiency obtained with this fine n-type semiconductor layer is very high. It could protect the damage associated with the following spray deposits of defects in the surface of the absorber or adapt the width of the energy band gap between the absorber (~1.2 (eV)) and the window layer (~3.3 (eV)). The aim of this present study is to investigate the influence of deposition parameters of CdS thin films using the L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi's design of experiments (DOE) elaborated by CBD method on ordinary glass substrate. The Taguchi design was used to evaluate the effects of four deposition parameters called factors namely the ratios [Cd]/[S], time of deposition, Ammonia concentration [NH4Cl] and volume ratio V(H2O)/V(NH3) on optical properties of elaborated films.The identification of the most influent factor of the deposition process on the band gap energy of elaborated films is also done by employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Taguchi analysis employed in the present investigation led to optimize process parameters for the most optimal deposition conditions. Under the optimized configuration, the CdS films showed optimal gap energy of 2.42 (eV) [1]. The Taguchi analysis employed in the present investigation led to optimize process parameters for the most optimal deposition conditions.

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Determination of the optimal conditions for the deposition of Cadmium sulfide thin films by chemical bath deposition using Taguchi method

Arba¹,

Hartiti²,

Ridah³

et al. 2015

2015 3rd International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC)

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“…FWHM of the peaks decreased with increase in thicknesses of CdS thin films, thus confirming inverse relation between and crystallinity and hence it is concluded that increase in thickness improved crystallinity. As the thickness increased, the crystallite size changed, so dislocation density and strain decreases 17 .The (002) peak shifts toward higher angular value confirming the change of crystallite size with thickness changes also related to stacking fault probability (α sf ) 25 .…”

Section: Structural Studymentioning

confidence: 75%

Optical and electrical studies of CdS thin films with thickness variation

Mahmood

Ali

Zahid³

et al. 2018

Optik

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Cadmium sulphide (CdS) is the n-type, wide band gap II-VI semiconducting material by offering applications in photovoltaics. Among the range of applications offered by CdS thin films, it has found application as a window layer in second generation solar cells by creating photon traps, thereby quantum efficiency. Closed space sublimation (CSS) offers a trivial yet effective approach for the synthesis of thin films for solar cell applications at moderate temperatures. CdS thin films of controlled thicknesses were synthesized by CSS technique by varying exposure time. X-rays diffraction data of these thin films revealed polycrystalline nature with a preferred orientation along (002) direction. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based morphological studies showed grain size variation with an increase in thickness of deposited thin films in the range of 300-500 nm. The electrical studies revealed high resistivity of the order of 10 6 Ω-cm. Spectrophotometric studies performed for CdS thin films concluded with the calculation of the optical parameters such as refractive index, absorption coefficient employing the Swanepoel model, and energy band gap of ~2.42 eV using the Tauc relation in addition to thin film thickness confirmation. The variations in thickness affect the structure, surface, optical 1 , electrical properties.

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“…This relation is reliable for small nanoparticles with a radius a B > R. Nevertheless, when the crystallite radius increases, the quantum dot size can be assumed to be half of the volume-weighted average crystallite size [48,49]. Also, there is a direct and linear relationship between the average constant strain and the energy gap [50]:…”

Section: Refractive Index and Extinction Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the optical and microstructural characteristics and surface wettability transition of In₂O₃:Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayer system for self-cleaning application

Soltanian,

Ghasemi,

Eftekhari

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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In this research, in the Glass/In2O3: Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayers system, In2O3: Sn and ZnO thin films were deposited onto glass using thermal evaporation and spray pyrolysis, respectively. The thin films were annealed at 350, 400‚ 450‚ 500‚ and 550 °C for 90 min. The primitive purpose of this study was to explain the effect of annealing temperature on the wettability, optical, microstructural, and morphological properties of the bilayers using UV–vis spectrophotometer, advanced x-ray diffraction (XDA) analysis, atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Various parameters were determined, including the transmission and reflection coefficients, optical energy band gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index, lattice strain, dislocation density, root mean square roughness, and water contact angle for the samples before UV exposure. The wettability results showed that the hydrophobicity of the In2O3: Sn/ZnO nanostructured thin films without UV radiation was improved by increasing the annealing temperature due to the increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness. Microstructural analysis indicated that increasing the annealing temperature increased crystallite size and decreased the lattice strain. The contact angles of the samples were significantly reduced, and the surface wettability of the layers changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after the UV treatment. Finally, the correlation between the optical, microstructural, morphological, and wettability features of the samples was determined. The effective optical band gap was observed to have a linear, inverse square, and quadratic correlation with strain, crystallite size, and dislocation density, respectively.

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The influence of heat treatment on the crystallite size, dislocation density, stacking faults probability and optical band gap of nanostructured cadmium sulfide films

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Determination of the optimal conditions for the deposition of Cadmium sulfide thin films by chemical bath deposition using Taguchi method

Determination of the optimal conditions for the deposition of Cadmium sulfide thin films by chemical bath deposition using Taguchi method

Optical and electrical studies of CdS thin films with thickness variation

Correlation between the optical and microstructural characteristics and surface wettability transition of In₂O₃:Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayer system for self-cleaning application

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The influence of heat treatment on the crystallite size, dislocation density, stacking faults probability and optical band gap of nanostructured cadmium sulfide films

Cited by 23 publications

References 51 publications

Determination of the optimal conditions for the deposition of Cadmium sulfide thin films by chemical bath deposition using Taguchi method

Determination of the optimal conditions for the deposition of Cadmium sulfide thin films by chemical bath deposition using Taguchi method

Optical and electrical studies of CdS thin films with thickness variation

Correlation between the optical and microstructural characteristics and surface wettability transition of In2O3:Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayer system for self-cleaning application

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Correlation between the optical and microstructural characteristics and surface wettability transition of In₂O₃:Sn/ZnO nanostructured bilayer system for self-cleaning application