The influence of heavy water and temperature on the electrical potential of frog skin

Barnes, Taylor

doi:10.1002/jcp.1030130106

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The potential dropped in the course of 8 minutes by cooling, while on heating the former value was restored in less than 1 minute. The behaviour of the muscle is thus very similar to that of the skin as described by Barnes (1939). This statement in connection with our observation on the selectivity for H ions of the sarcolemma leads us to the following conception of the injury potential of muscle: the concentration of metabolic products, especially carbonic acid, is greater within the respiring fibre than in the interstitial fluid from which the CO2 is constantly diffusing out into the blood.…”

Section: Study Of the Muscle Fibre With Respect To H Ion Selectivitysupporting

confidence: 80%

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The Potentiometric Analysis of Membrane Structure and Its Application to Living Animal Membranes

Meyer

Bernfeld

1946

Journal of General Physiology

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In 1911 Loeb and Beutner concluded from experiments on the concentration potentials of the apple-skin that it is specifically permeable for cations. Since then electromotive forces produced by living membranes and organs in contact with salt solutions have often been used in analysing living membranes. In particular Osterhout has succeeded in elucidating the fine structure of the membrane of large plant cells by potentiometric analysis, while H~iber (1926) and others investigated the ion permeability of animal membranes. In spite of such important results, it is not yet quite clear, whether the cation or anion selectivity which can be deduced directly from the measured potential is due to the sieve structure of the membrane or its charge or its specific dissolving power, or to all these factors taken together. A more detailed analysis of these properties will therefore be possible only if it is based on quantitative relations between the measured potential and those properties of the membrane or of the living tissue which influence the passage of ions. In order to make a survey of all these factors it seems reasonable to visualize first of all the molecular structure of living membranes.Living membranes, or any other living matter, can be considered as a network of flexible primary valence chains, in particular protein chains (K. H. Meyer, 1928Meyer, , 1929 Seifriz, 1928). These chains are interlinked at definite places by secondary valences or cross-linkings, called by us "regions of contact" (ltaftstellen) and later by Frey-Wyssling (1938) "points of contact" (11aftpunkte).Intracellular fluid, ions, lipoids, and soluble globular proteins are located inside this network. The lipoids are mostly linked to apolar groups of the protein chains, for which the term lipophilic groupswas proposed, while the hydrophilic groups of the chains are surrounded by water or aqueous cellular liquid and the ionised groups, e.g. --COO-groups, are neutralised by mobile "counter-ions."A natural membrane can moreover consist of layers of different composition under which lipoid layers can exist, and these layers can in turn be formed of areas of different properties like a mosaic. Calculation of the Membrane PotentialIf a membrane, i.e. a layer of any kind separates two solutions of a binary electrolyte, an electromotive force E results from diffusion of the two solutions 353

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Section: Study Of the Muscle Fibre With Respect To H Ion Selectivitysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The influence of temperature studied in detail by Barnes (1939) is most typical. Cooling down to 4-5 ° C. causes a drop of potential in the course of 15 to 30 minutes.…”

Section: The Influence Of Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potentiometric Analysis of Membrane Structure and Its Application to Living Animal Membranes

Meyer

Bernfeld

1946

Journal of General Physiology

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“…This latter finding is in agreement with data obtained by several other investigators (7,8) from their longterm steady state measurements. This latter finding is in agreement with data obtained by several other investigators (7,8) from their longterm steady state measurements.…”

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confidence: 94%

Transcellular Ion Transport and Bioelectric Potential

Chowdhury

1973

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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The temperature characteristic of the resting muscle potential (1) agrees with the classical concept of Nernst that this particular type of bioelectric potential results from simple diffusion of ions across the K-selective plasma membrane. This type of bioelectric potential has been considered to be only indirectly related to cellular metabolism. However, in some other tissue membranes the interplay between metabolic energy and the maintenance of the potential is so close (2-5) that metabolic energy sources must be an immediate source and therefore some biochemical "electrogenic" process may underlie the generation of this type of bioelectrical potential. However, there is no a priori reason why a combination of Nernstian and "electrogenic" potentials could not occur at the same time. As a matter of fact, Senft (6) has shown that in lobster axon at least a portion of the resting potential is different in its temperature coefficient from the Nernst-type diffusion potential. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the origin of the electrical potential of cellular systems where the transport of ions is not just across the plasma membrane but all the way across the cell. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to answer the following two questions: What is the effect of temperature on the rate of movement of the ions by an active transport process? Is the temperature coefficient of the flux of an actively transported ion different from that of a passively transported ion?MateriaZs and Methods. The abdominal skin of frog (Rana pipiens) and the urinary bladder of toad (Bzafo marinus) were isolated from pithed animals and mounted flat on a nylon ring fitted with pins. The ring-mounted epithelial preparation was then placed in a chamber in which aerated Ringer's solution can continuously flow past both surfaces of the tissue preparation. The bathing solutions were prepared from analytical grade reagents and the Ringer's solution consisted of the following: 57.5 mM Na&O*, 2.5 mM KHC03 or (KH2P04 + K2HP04), 1.5 m M CaS04 and 0.1% glucose. The slightly hypotonic sulfate Ringer's solution was the optimal artificial environment for the bladder epithelium for maintaining normal transport activity for 8 hr or more. With frog skin preparations, 55 mM sucrose was added to this sulfate Ringer's solution. Freshly prepared solution was oxygenated for a period of half an hour prior to its use. The pH of the solution was between 7.8 and 8.2.The temperature of the tissue was measured with a thermister bridge, which had the miniature thermister in contact with the tissue. Quick changes in temperature of the tissue were achieved by switching the chamber inputs onto another set of reservoirs whose solutions were maintained at the desired temperature. The experiments were performed a t temperatures between 5" and 25". Temperatures above 30" irreversibly depressed the ion-transporting activity of the tissue, and the tissue deteriorated. Therefore, such higher temperatures were not used.Total transepithelial electrical potential di...

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“…There are a number of reports on the effect of temperature on skin potential (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) and O~ consumption (10,11). Motokawa (12) made an interesting analysis of his data, and calculated the heat of reaction from the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Temperature on Electrolyte Metabolism of Isolated Frog Skin

Huf

Doss

1959

The Journal of General Physiology

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A study is presented on the effect of temperature on unidirectional active ion transport, resting electrolyte equilibrium (electrolyte composition), and oxygen consumption in isolated frog skin. The aims were twofold: first, to find out whether the rate of active transport can be changed without affecting the Na + and K + balance of skin itself; second, to arrive at minlmal ANa/AO2 values by correlating quantitatively inhibition of active ion transport with inhibition of O2 consumption. NaC1 transport was maximal at 20°C. At 28 ° and at temperatures below 20 °, rate of NaCI transport was diminished. In many instances NaCI transport was diminished in skinq which maintained their normal Na + and K + content. In several cases, however, neither rate of transport nor resting electrolyte equilibrium was affected; in other cases, both were.O2 consumption decreased when lowering the temperature over the range from 28 to 10°C. From a plot of log Qo2 against 1/T an activation energy of # = 13,700cal. was calculated, valid for the range from 10 to 20°C. It appeared that # was smaller for temperatures above 20°C. Working between l0 and 20 °, it was found that, on the average, 4 to 5 equivalents of Na + were transported for one m01e of O2 consumed in skins with undisturbed resting electrolyte equilibrium.

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The influence of heavy water and temperature on the electrical potential of frog skin

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

The Potentiometric Analysis of Membrane Structure and Its Application to Living Animal Membranes

The Potentiometric Analysis of Membrane Structure and Its Application to Living Animal Membranes

Transcellular Ion Transport and Bioelectric Potential

Effect of Temperature on Electrolyte Metabolism of Isolated Frog Skin

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