The influence of high altitudes on the electrical activity of the heart

Peñaloza, Dante; Gamboa, Raul; Marticorena, Emilio; Echevarría, Max; Dyer, Juan; Gutierrez, Edilberto

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(61)90522-1

Cited by 49 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because there is no adequate technological solution for reduced oxygen pressure, technical and behavioral adaptive strategies offer less protection than those adaptations seen for other climatic stressors. Many authors have reported that the Andean evidence strongly suggests that long-term resi-dents and natives of high altitude experience reductions in blood pressures, lower rates of hypertension, and fewer cardiac abnormalities (Hurtado, 1964;Penaloza et al, 1961;Ruiz and Penaloza, 1977;Hanna, 1999). Pandey (1983) reported that the residents at high altitude in Nepal consumed large amounts of salt, but were also more fit and less obese than residents of lower altitude locations.…”

Section: Blood Pressures Adiposity and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Body size, composition, and blood pressure of high‐altitude Quechua from the Peruvian Central Andes (Huancavelica, 3,680 m)

Toselli

Tarazona‐Santos

Pettener

2001

American J Hum Biol

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Although much information is available about the effects of high altitude on physiological characteristics, less is know about its effect on body composition. In the present study, anthropometric and body composition variables were investigated in a sample of 77 adult Quechua males from the Peruvian Central Andes (Huancavelica, 3,680 m). The subjects are shorter in relation to body weight than other ethnic groups, whereas body proportions are macrocormic (indicating a long trunk relative to the lower extremities), with intermediate values of the acromial-iliac index. All skinfold thicknesses are low (approximately 15th percentiles of NHANES reference values for the triceps and subscapular skinfolds), but tend to be higher than in the other Quechua populations. Similar results are obtained when percentage fat is estimated. Somatotypes are dominant in mesomorphy with very low ectomorphy. Comparison with a sample of high-altitude Kirghiz (3,200 m), previously studied with the same methods, shows higher values in the Peruvian sample for all variables related to adiposity. The presence of low adiposity in the Quechua population could be associated with stresses of the high-altitude environment. Mean values of blood pressure are very low and there is no correlation with age.

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Section: Blood Pressures Adiposity and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Body size, composition, and blood pressure of high‐altitude Quechua from the Peruvian Central Andes (Huancavelica, 3,680 m)

Toselli

Tarazona‐Santos

Pettener

2001

American J Hum Biol

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“…It would take the work of fellow Peruvians Dante Peñaloza and Javier Arias-Stella in the 1960s to demonstrate that PH amongst high altitude populations was associated with remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature (45–47). Earlier work from Peñaloza confirmed elevated mPAP (23 ± 5.1 mmHg) associated with RVH in Peruvians at high altitude (48, 49) and interestingly, also identified PH amongst new born children both at sea level and altitude, with a swift resolution at sea level that was not recognized amongst Peruvian infants (50). Importantly, the authors found no difference in PAWP and CO between residents at sea level and altitude, with PVR elevated at 4.15 ± 2.66 WU in high altitude dwellers (46, 49).…”

Section: Chronic Hypoxia and Remodeling Of The Pulmonary Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 83%

Thin Air, Thick Vessels: Historical and Current Perspectives on Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension

2019

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The association between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and hypoxia is well-established, with two key mechanistic processes, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling, driving changes in pulmonary arterial pressure. In contrast to other forms of pulmonary hypertension, the vascular changes induced by hypoxia are reversible, both in humans returning to sea-level from high altitude and in animal models. This raises the intriguing possibility that the molecular drivers of these hypoxic processes could be targeted to modify pulmonary vascular remodeling in other contexts. In this review, we outline the history of research into PH and hypoxia, before discussing recent advances in our understanding of this relationship at the molecular level, focussing on the role of the oxygen-sensing transcription factors, hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). Emerging links between HIF and vascular remodeling highlight the potential utility in inhibiting this pathway in pulmonary hypertension and raise possible risks of activating this pathway using HIF-stabilizing medications.

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“…The rapid decline in right ventricular hypertrophy seen in the sea level newborns is also slowed and mild to moderate right ventricular hypertension is persistent throughout life [15], [16]. A recent echocardiographic study has also confirmed the persistent thickness of the right ventricular wall in the Bolivian infants at 3800 m [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Anatomical and hemodynamic evaluations of the heart and pulmonary arterial pressure in healthy children residing at high altitude in China

Jiang

et al. 2015

IJC Heart & Vasculature

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ObjectivesAltitude-hypoxia induces pulmonary arterial hypertension and altered cardiac morphology and function, which is little known in healthy children at high altitude. We compared the cardiopulmonary measurements between the healthy children at 16 m and those at 3700 m in China and between the Hans and the Tibetans at 3700 m.MethodsEchocardiography was assessed in 477 children (15 day–14 years) including 220 at 16 m and 257 at 3700 m. The dimensions and wall thickness of the left- and right-sided heart, systolic and diastolic functions including cardiac output index (CI) were measured using standard methods. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was estimated by the Doppler waveforms in the main pulmonary artery.ResultsCompared to the 16 m-group, 3700 m-group had higher mPAP, increasing dilatation of the right heart, and slower decrease in right ventricular hypertrophy in 14 years (p < 0.05). The left heart morphology was not different (p > 0.20). Systolic and diastolic functions of both ventricles were significantly reduced, but CI was higher (p < 0.0001). There was no difference in any measurement between the Hans and the Tibetans (p > 0.05).ConclusionsChildren living at high altitude in China have significantly higher mPAP, dilated right heart and slower regression of right ventricular hypertrophy in the first 14 years of life. Systolic and diastolic functions of both ventricles were reduced with a paradoxically higher CI. There was no significant difference in these features between the Hans and the Tibetans. These values provide references for the care of healthy children and the sick ones with cardiopulmonary diseases at high altitude.

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The influence of high altitudes on the electrical activity of the heart

Cited by 49 publications

References 40 publications

Body size, composition, and blood pressure of high‐altitude Quechua from the Peruvian Central Andes (Huancavelica, 3,680 m)

Body size, composition, and blood pressure of high‐altitude Quechua from the Peruvian Central Andes (Huancavelica, 3,680 m)

Thin Air, Thick Vessels: Historical and Current Perspectives on Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension

Anatomical and hemodynamic evaluations of the heart and pulmonary arterial pressure in healthy children residing at high altitude in China

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