The Influence of High and Low Protein Diet on the Basal Metabolism and the Chemistry of Blood and Urine in Normal Women

Wang, Chi Che; Hawks, Jean E.; Huddlestun, B.; Wood, Agnes A.; Smith, Edith A.

doi:10.1093/jn/3.1.79

Cited by 17 publications

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“…These have fallen into three main groups-first, that in some way protein exerted a specific action, the result of which was to interfere with the mechanism of sugar utilization (1,2,3,4); secondly, that the specific dynamic effect of protein in increasing heat production was wasteful in terms of total energy expenditure and as such should be minimized (1,4,5,6); and, thirdly, that protein constituted a large source of endogenous glucose and therefore should be carefully curtailed in the diabetic diet. The latter is the only one that has in any measure stood the test of time as far as practical diabetic management is concerned (7,8,9). It is our purpose to show that it is an advantage to the diabetic to derive a large part of his total metabolic glucose from protein foods.…”

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confidence: 96%

The Glycemic Response to Isoglucogenic Quantities of Protein and Carbohydrate

Conn¹,

Newburgh²

1936

J. Clin. Invest.

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In past years several objections to the use of a diet high in protein for the diabetic patient have been forwarded. These have fallen into three main groups-first, that in some way protein exerted a specific action, the result of which was to interfere with the mechanism of sugar utilization (1,2,3,4); secondly, that the specific dynamic effect of protein in increasing heat production was wasteful in terms of total energy expenditure and as such should be minimized (1,4,5,6); and, thirdly, that protein constituted a large source of endogenous glucose and therefore should be carefully curtailed in the diabetic diet. The latter is the only one that has in any measure stood the test of time as far as practical diabetic management is concerned (7,8,9). It is our purpose to show that it is an advantage to the diabetic to derive a large part of his total metabolic glucose from protein foods.It is a fact that during the metabolism of protein there occurs a yield of glucose which approximates 50 per cent of the weight of the ingested protein (10,11,12,13,14,15). Janney (16) working with isolated proteins found that the glucose liberated varied from 48 per cent to 80 per cent. It is reasonable to state that 50 per cent represents a good average figure in calculating diets in which the total intake of protein is made up of a mixture of many single proteins.Since protein in the diet represents a large source of glucose, it was decided to compare the blood sugar levels and glycosuria produced by ingestion of equivalent amounts of glucose derived on the one hand from protein and on the other from glucose and carbohydrate foods. The studies were made on fifteen diabetic patients and three normal fourth year medical students.Each subject was maintained aglycosuric for at least two weeks before the study was begun. METHODThe blood sugar level in the postabsorptive state was determined. At this time glucose was absent from all of the urine specimens. A breakfast consisting of 2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight was given. The source of protein was lean beef from which all visible fat had been removed. This was ground and fried as hamburger steaks, using a minimum of butter in this process. The beef under these conditions contained 5 to 6 per cent of fat and 20 to 22 per cent of protein.The time taken for ingestion of the meat varied from seven to twenty minutes. Blood and urine specimens were collected hourly for eight hours. Timing was begun immediately after the conclusion of breakfast.Blood sugar was determined by the Benedict (17) method and blood urea nitrogen by the Van Slyke (18)

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confidence: 96%

The Glycemic Response to Isoglucogenic Quantities of Protein and Carbohydrate

Conn¹,

Newburgh²

1936

J. Clin. Invest.

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Metabolism in Undernutrition

Strang¹,

McClugage²,

Brownlee³

1935

Arch Intern Med (Chic)

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Basal Metabolism of Twenty-One Chinese Children Reared or Born and Reared in the United States

WANG¹

1932

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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During recent years much interest has been centered on the study of racial influence on basal metabolism. Several investigators have reported that the basal metabolism of oriental peoples was lower than that of the occidental races. Others have demonstrated that, irrespective of race, all those who resided in a tropical climate showed a reduced production of heat. Table 1 gives a brief summary of a number of basal metabolism values for oriental subjects reported in the literature. Most of them have already been discussed in the recent reviews of Wang and Hawks 1 and of Du Bois.2 With the exception of the reports of Takahira3 and that of Okado and his associates,4 all the values were lower than occidental standards. The former used a modification of the Du Bois height-weight formula for surface area' in the calculation of his results and compared the figures thus obtained with modifications for Japanese REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

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The Influence of High and Low Protein Diet on the Basal Metabolism and the Chemistry of Blood and Urine in Normal Women

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The Glycemic Response to Isoglucogenic Quantities of Protein and Carbohydrate

The Glycemic Response to Isoglucogenic Quantities of Protein and Carbohydrate

Metabolism in Undernutrition

Basal Metabolism of Twenty-One Chinese Children Reared or Born and Reared in the United States

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