The influence of high fat diets with different ketogenic ratios on the hippocampal accumulation of creatine – FTIR microspectroscopy study

Skoczen, A.; Setkowicz, Zuzanna; Janeczko, Krzysztof; Sandt, Ch.; Borondics, Ferenc; Chwiej, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.085

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The samples were kept at the same temperature until the measurements, which, in turn, were carried out in air atmosphere at a temperature of 22 ± 1 °C. It is necessary to mention that the usefulness of such samples for studies using the FTIR microspectroscopy was confirmed during our earlier research. − ,, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Biochemical Changes Indicate Developmental Stage in the Hippocampal Formation

Chwiej

Ciesielka

Skoczen

et al. 2018

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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The literature showing how age of humans or animals influences the IR absorption spectra recorded in different brain regions is very poor. A very limited number of studies used FTIR microspectroscopy for analysis of the aging process, however there is lack of data concerning the biomolecular changes occurring in the course of postnatal development of the central nervous system. Therefore, in this paper the topographic and semiquantitative biochemical changes occurring within the rat hippocampus during postnatal development were examined. To achieve the goal of the study, three groups of normal male rats differing in age were investigated. These were 6, 30, and 60 day old animals, and the chosen ages correspond to the neonatal period, childhood, and early adulthood in humans, respectively. Already, preliminary topographic analysis identified a number of significant changes in the accumulation of biomolecules within the hippocampal formation occurring during brain development. Such observation was confirmed by further semiquantitative analysis of intensities of selected absorption bands or ratios of their intensities. The detailed examinations were done for four hippocampal cellular layers (multiform, molecular, pyramidal, and granular layers), and the results showed that the accumulation of most biomolecules, including both saturated and unsaturated lipids as well as compounds containing phosphate and carbonyl groups, was significantly higher in adulthood comparing to the neonatal period. What is more, the increases in their levels were observed mostly between 6th and 30th days of animals’ life. The unsaturation level of lipids did not change during postnatal development, although the differences in unsaturated and saturated lipids contents were noticed between examined animal groups. Significant differences in relative secondary structure of proteins were found between young adult rats and animals in neonatal period for which the relative level of proteins with β-type secondary structure was the highest.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…It is necessary to mention that the usefulness of such samples for studies using the FTIR microspectroscopy was confirmed during our earlier research. [15][16][17][18]51,52 Measurements and Spectral Analysis. FTIR microscopy was used for qualitative and semiquantitative biochemical analysis of hippocampal formation.…”

Section: ■ Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Changes Indicate Developmental Stage in the Hippocampal Formation

Chwiej

Ciesielka

Skoczen

et al. 2018

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…Our analyzes also showed a decrease in creatine concentration in the cerebral cortex. In our previous research using synchrotron radiation, an increase in the number of creatine deposits was detected in the hippocampal formation following 30-day-lasting KD (Skoczen et al 2017). This discrepancy is probably due to different creatine content in particular brain structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

MRI spectroscopic and tractography studies indicate consequences of long-term ketogenic diet

Gzieło¹,

Janeczko²,

Węglarz

et al. 2020

Brain Struct Funct

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To maintain its functional abilities, the mature brain obtains energy from glucose produced in carbohydrate metabolism. When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet, the energy comes from the oxidation of fatty acids. In this metabolic state called ketosis, ketone bodies are formed: β-hydroxybutyric acid (bHb), acetone, and acetoacetate as alternative source of energy passing through the blood-brain barrier easily. The ketosis state can be achieved through various strategies like caloric restriction, supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides, intense physical training, or ketogenic diet (KD). Using KD, drug-resistant epilepsy has been successfully treated in children and adults. It can also exert neuroprotective influences in cases of brain damage, glioblastoma multiforme, and Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. Although many possible mechanisms of KD activity have been proposed, newer hypotheses appear with the research progress, mostly characterizing the brain under pathological but not normal conditions. Since different pathological conditions may affect the mechanism of KD action differently, additional research on the normal brain appears reasonable. For this purpose, young adult rats were treated with 4-month-lasting KD. Then, MRI structural measurements, spectroscopy, and tractography were performed. The procedures revealed significant increases in the concentration of glutamine, glutamate, glutathione and NAA, accompanied by changes in the pattern of neuronal connections of the striatum and hippocampal formation. This implies a possible involvement of these structures in the functional changes occurring in the brain after KD application. Thus, the investigations on the normal brain add important details concerning mechanisms underlying KD effects without their possible modification by a pathological status.

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“…According to the previous studies, the absorption peaks of 2955 cm –1 (CH 3 from fatty acids) and 3012 cm –1 (CH 2 from lipids) were selected as the characteristic absorption for saturated lipids and unsaturated lipids. ,, The unsaturated levels as well as the distribution of saturated lipids and unsaturated lipids were determined by FTIR micro-spectroscopy. The hippocampus was divided into four basic layers by the differences in cell composition, namely, molecular (MO), multiform (MU), pyramidal (PY), and granular (GR) layers .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) micro-spectroscopy technology, a combination of light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, was widely used in the field of biology and medicine to provide information concerning the chemical composition of cells and tissues . The team of Chwiej has confirmed the feasibility of this method in detecting the distribution of hippocampal components through a series of experiments and found that the absorption peaks of 2955 cm –1 (CH 3 from fatty acids) and 3012 cm –1 (CH 2 from lipids) were deemed as the characteristic absorption for saturated lipids and unsaturated lipids. ,, In this study, SCP helped to reverse the decline of unsaturated lipid contents and the proportion of unsaturated lipids in the hippocampus caused by scopolamine. Additionally, along with the results of the unsaturated lipid level in the hippocampus, SCP increased the PUFA levels (such as DHA and AA) and decreased the SFA levels both in mouse and rat brains using gas chromatography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Cucumber Peptides Attenuated the Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice and Rats and the Underlying Mechanism

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Social stress and unhealthy diets lead to memory impairment, triggering health problems. This study aimed to determine the mitigating effect and regulation mechanism of sea cucumber peptides (SCP) against memory impairment. Here, scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mouse and rat models was used based on behavioral tests, a histological staining technique, Fourier transform infrared microscopy, and gas-chromatographic analysis as well as a Western blotting method. SCP improved the behavioral performance and regulated the disorder of the cholinergic system in mouse models in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the underlying mechanism was explored in high-dose SCP using mouse and rat models. SCP repaired damaged neuronal cells, enhanced the Nissl body number, increased the unsaturated lipid level, and activated the long-term potentiation (LTP) pathway (p-CaMKII, p-CREB, and BDNF), both in the mouse and rat hippocampus. The results indicated that SCP upregulated the LTP pathway and unsaturated lipid level to combat scopolamine-induced memory impairment, suggesting that SCP was a potential candidate for neurological recovery.

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The influence of high fat diets with different ketogenic ratios on the hippocampal accumulation of creatine – FTIR microspectroscopy study

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Biochemical Changes Indicate Developmental Stage in the Hippocampal Formation

Biochemical Changes Indicate Developmental Stage in the Hippocampal Formation

MRI spectroscopic and tractography studies indicate consequences of long-term ketogenic diet

Sea Cucumber Peptides Attenuated the Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice and Rats and the Underlying Mechanism

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