The influence of host immunity on the epidemiology of trichostrongyle infections in cattle

Armour, J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(89)90152-0

Cited by 104 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Another fact that may have influenced genus prevalence is acquired immunity by the animals. Anti-Cooperia immunity is acquired at an earlier age (starting when the animals are four months old), while for the genera Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus the reduction of parasite burden is more slowly and occurs at an older age (ARMOUR, 1989). These variations were also observed by Araujo and Lima (2005) in animals without anthelmintic treatment raised in other regions of the State of Minas Gerais.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Anthelmintic resistance in a dairy cattle farm in the State of Minas Gerais

Costa

Araújo

Costa

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Eighty-four half-blood Gir × Holstein (F1) calves aged six months who were naturally infected by gastrointestinal helminths and maintained in rotational grazing received different anthelmintic treatments. Group A received anthelmintics according to the usual management in the property (eight treatments, seven including a macrocyclic lactone agent). Group B received strategic treatment (ivermectin 3.15%) at the beginning and at the end of the rainy period. Eggs per gram of feces (EPG) counts and genus of larvae from fecal cultures were determined on a monthly basis from April 2002 to December 2003. There was no significant reduction (p > 0.05) in EPG counts in any group after anthelminthic treatment, and the larvae in fecal cultures observed were Cooperia, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and a few Trichostrongylus. Cooperia was the most prevalent genus in the first four months of the experiment and Haemonchus in the following months. In 2003, tracer calves were introduced onto the pastures monthly and they showed high nematode burden many times throughout the year, and Cooperia punctata and Haemonchus contortus were the main species identified. The results suggest that there is anthelminthic resistance in this farm, mainly to macrocyclic lactones, and the development of immunity by crossbred animals was vital to reduce nematode burden.Keywords: Cattle, anthelmintic resistance, Cooperia, macrocyclic lactone, Haemonchus. ResumoOitenta e quatro bezerras meio sangue Gir × holandês (F1) com seis meses de idade, naturalmente infectadas por helmintos gastrintestinais e mantidas em pastejo rotacionado receberam diferentes tratamentos anti-helmínticos. O grupo A recebeu anti-helmínticos segundo manejo empregado na propriedade (oito tratamentos, sete com produtos à base de lactonas macrocíclicas). O grupo B recebeu tratamento estratégico (ivermectina 3,15%) no inicio e final de período chuvoso. Mensalmente, no período de abril de 2002 a dezembro de 2003, foram realizadas contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coproculturas. Não houve redução significativa (p > 0,05) nas contagens de OPG em nenhum dos grupos após os tratamentos anti-helmínticos, e as larvas encontradas na coprocultura foram Cooperia, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum e poucos Trichostrongylus, com predominância de Cooperia nos quatro meses iniciais e Haemonchus nos meses seguintes. No ano de 2003, bezerros traçadores foram alocados mensalmente nos pastos, apresentando altas cargas parasitárias na maioria dos meses do ano, sendo as principais espécies identificadas: Cooperia punctata e Haemonchus contortus. Os resultados indicam que os nematódeos da fazenda apresentam resistência anti-helmíntica, principalmente às lactonas macrocíclicas, e o desenvolvimento de imunidade foi primordial para reduzir a carga parasitária dos animais mestiços.Palavras-chave: Bovinos, resistência anti-helmíntica, Cooperia, lactonas macrocíclicas, Haemonchus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 48%

Anthelmintic resistance in a dairy cattle farm in the State of Minas Gerais

Costa

Araújo

Costa

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Studies on GIN infections in cattle suggest that the development of acquired immunity is dependent on the level of exposure to infection (Ploeger et al, 1995). Irvine et al (2000) observed mean total worm burdens of 6675 in reindeer calves in late winter, which is an order of magnitude lower than observed mean worm burdens in cattle calves naturally infected by O. ostertagi and C. oncophora (Armour, 1989). Therefore, the apparent absence of an acquired immune response may simply be a consequence of lower exposure to infection in free-ranging ruminants.…”

Section: Exploiting Parallels Between Livestock and Wildlifementioning

confidence: 71%

Exploiting parallels between livestock and wildlife: Predicting the impact of climate change on gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Rose

Hoar

Kutz

et al. 2014

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…This issue has been addressed in a number of studies and the consensus is that animals treated in their first grazing season may display some reduced immune protection when subsequently artificially challenged with high infective doses of larvae. However, under normal husbandry conditions, second grazing season cattle (and adult cows) are exposed to only low levels of over-wintered larvae following turn-out in the Spring and consequently no significant negative effects on the occurrence of clinical disease or growth performance have been observed (Armour, 1989;Claerebout et al, 1998;Larsson et al, 2011;Schnieder et al, 1996;Taylor et al, 1995a;Vercruysse et al, 1995).…”

Section: Young Cattlementioning

confidence: 98%

“…One generalisation that can be applied to all the regions is that younger cattle are typically more susceptible to clinical parasitic disease than adults, because they lack functional, acquired immunity to some nematode species until they have been exposed to infection for several months (Armour, 1989). Another generalisation is that, while adult cows are considered less susceptible to PGE insofar as they rarely suffer from clinical disease, they do, however, commonly harbour significant worm populations, particularly of Ostertagia ostertagi in the abomasum Borgsteede et al, 2000;Burrows et al, 1980;Murphy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Value Of Extended Long-action Parasite Control In Cattle In mentioning

confidence: 99%

LongRange™ (eprinomectin 5%) extended-release injection parasiticide and the utility of extended-activity antiparasitics in cattle

Forbes¹

2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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An extended-release injection, which is administered at a rate of 1 mg eprinomectin/kg body weight, has been developed to provide up to 150 days control of parasites of cattle. The product can facilitate the achievement of two of the fundamental aims of parasite control. The first is protection of the host against the negative impact of susceptible parasites in order to ensure control of disease and to enhance performance. The second is to reduce parasite transmission and hence the challenge to animals when grazing. In addition, farmers and veterinarians can benefit from high levels of convenience and hence compliance from a single administration, which also limits handling stress in the cattle. This introductory paper provides some perspective on the practical applications for this extended-release product under various husbandry systems and in different classes of cattle and discusses its role in sustainable parasite control.

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The influence of host immunity on the epidemiology of trichostrongyle infections in cattle

Cited by 104 publications

References 25 publications

Anthelmintic resistance in a dairy cattle farm in the State of Minas Gerais

Anthelmintic resistance in a dairy cattle farm in the State of Minas Gerais

Exploiting parallels between livestock and wildlife: Predicting the impact of climate change on gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

LongRange™ (eprinomectin 5%) extended-release injection parasiticide and the utility of extended-activity antiparasitics in cattle

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