The influence of hydrothermal argillization on the physical and mechanical properties of tuffaceous rocks: a case study from the Upper Pauzhetsky thermal field, Kamchatka

Frolova, Yu. V.; Chernov, M. S.; Rychagov, S. N.; Ladygin, V. M.; Sokolov, V. N.; Kuznetsov, Ruslan A.

doi:10.1007/s10064-020-02007-2

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…( a b ) Study area location. Soil map is from 133 (open access) with additions and corrections by I.N. Semenkov based on the map of soil temperature at a depth of 15 cm in the Valley of Geysers 131 and the soil names from 44 using CorelDraw X7 software ( https://www.coreldraw.com/ ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We propose: Using in the FAO-WRB system 133 , 144 of soil temperature as a diagnostic feature that is obligate for soils occurring at/near hydrotherms. Using the supplementary qualifier ‘thermic’ in the FAO-WRB system 133 , 144 for soils with a temperature ≥ 50 °C at a depth of 50 cm and the subqualifier hyperthermic for soils with a temperature ≥ 80 °C; Definition of a new diagnostic horizon (e.g., the Narcisic horizon from Latin Narcissus , for its beauty) as a horizon consisting of mineral material and all of the following: Bright Munsell color in moist state; hue ≥ 5R, value ≥ 3, chroma 6–8; Soil temperature ≥ 50 °C at a depth of 50 cm; Loamy texture or finer; Mineral composition dominated by kaolinite. An additional feature is a fluidal texture in reflected light (Munsell color; hue ≥ 5R, value 2.5–4, chroma 4–8), indicating the presence of intrusive ferruginous pedofeatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using in the FAO-WRB system 133 , 144 of soil temperature as a diagnostic feature that is obligate for soils occurring at/near hydrotherms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the supplementary qualifier ‘thermic’ in the FAO-WRB system 133 , 144 for soils with a temperature ≥ 50 °C at a depth of 50 cm and the subqualifier hyperthermic for soils with a temperature ≥ 80 °C;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minerals were identified by comparing the data obtained with standard XRD patterns from the PDF-2 database with the use of the MDI Jade-6.5 software ( https://materialsdata.com/prodjd.html ) and methodological recommendations 119 . Quantitative mineralogical analysis was carried out using the Rietveld full-pattern fitting method 29 , 128 – 133 and the PROFEX GUI for the BGMN software 5 , 58 , 134 , 135 as modern tools (used in soil science since 2009) for the most precise quantitative assessements of the mineralogical composition of a sample. Investigation of di-tri species of clay minerals and degree of deffects (ordering/disordering) of kaolinite minerals were carried out on non-oriented powder samples (Table S23 ) 136 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The variability of soils and vegetation of hydrothermal fields in the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka Peninsula

Semenkov

Klink

Лебедева

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The picturesque and high conservation value thermal landscapes of the Valley of Geysers feature endothermal (heated by endogenous fluids) soils which support endangered and unique species. However, such soils have not been distinguished as a separate taxon within most classification systems. In this study, we described the soil morphology at macro-, meso- and micro-scales, chemistry, mineralogy and vegetation of these landscapes as they are affected by the steam-heated acid-sulfate waters. The studied catenary sequence from exothermal (non-heated) to endothermal soils was characterized by decreasing contents of soil organic carbon, sand fraction, essential nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Si), increasing soil acidity, amounts of fine particle-size fractions and contents of trace elements (Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ti and V) as well as the development of sodium-sulfate salinity, kaolinization and ferrugination. In phytocenoses supported by endothermal soils, species of order Rosales and Asparagales were overrepresented among obligate and facultative thermophytes respectively, and species of order Poales were underrepresented among facultative thermophytes in relation to the flora of the Valley of Geysers. Phytocenoses on the non-heated Andosols were enriched in Polypodiopsida species. The results of our comparative analysis of the thermally-induced variability in the soils and vegetation contribute to the general understanding of mineralogical, bio-abiotic and biological systems affected by steam-heated acid-sulfate waters. We hope that our findings will provide a basis for future transdisciplinary studies of the influence of steam-heated waters of a hot spring on the thermal landscapes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using in the FAO-WRB system 133 , 144 of soil temperature as a diagnostic feature that is obligate for soils occurring at/near hydrotherms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The variability of soils and vegetation of hydrothermal fields in the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka Peninsula

Semenkov

Klink

Лебедева

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review

2021

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The microstructure and mineralogy of volcanic rocks is varied and complex, and their mechanical behaviour is similarly varied and complex. This review summarises recent developments in our understanding of the mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks. Compiled data show that, although porosity exerts a first-order influence on the uniaxial compressive strength of volcanic rocks, parameters such as the partitioning of the void space (pores and microcracks), pore and crystal size and shape, and alteration also play a role. The presence of water, strain rate, and temperature can also influence uniaxial compressive strength. We also discuss the merits of micromechanical models in understanding the mechanical behaviour of volcanic rocks (which includes a review of the available fracture toughness data). Compiled data show that the effective pressure required for the onset of hydrostatic inelastic compaction in volcanic rocks decreases as a function of increasing porosity, and represents the pressure required for cataclastic pore collapse. Differences between brittle and ductile mechanical behaviour (stress-strain curves and the evolution of porosity and acoustic emission activity) from triaxial deformation experiments are outlined. Brittle behaviour is typically characterised by shear fracture formation, and an increase in porosity and permeability. Ductile deformation can either be distributed (cataclastic pore collapse) or localised (compaction bands) and is characterised by a decrease in porosity and permeability. The available data show that tuffs deform by delocalised cataclasis and extrusive volcanic rocks develop compaction bands (planes of collapsed pores connected by microcracks). Brittle failure envelopes and compactive yield caps for volcanic rocks are compared, highlighting that porosity exerts a first-order control on the stresses required for the brittle-ductile transition and shear-enhanced compaction. However, these data cannot be explained by porosity alone and other microstructural parameters, such as pore size, must also play a role. Compactive yield caps for tuffs are elliptical, similar to data for sedimentary rocks, but are linear for extrusive volcanic rocks. Linear yield caps are considered to be a result of a high pre-existing microcrack density and/or a heterogeneous distribution of porosity. However, it is still unclear, with the available data, why compaction bands develop in some volcanic rocks but not others, which microstructural attributes influence the stresses required for the brittle-ductile transition and shear-enhanced compaction, and why the compactive yield caps of extrusive volcanic rocks are linear. We also review the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and frictional properties of volcanic rocks. Finally, we review how laboratory data have and can be used to improve our understanding of volcanic systems and highlight directions for future research. A deep understanding of the mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rock can help refine and develop tools to routinely monitor the hazards posed by active volcanoes.

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Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: a post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective

Siebert,

Reid

2023

Bull Volcanol

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The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was instrumental in advancing understanding of how volcanoes work. Lateral edifice collapses and the generation of volcanic debris avalanches were not widely recognized prior to that eruption, making assessment of their hazards and risks challenging. The proliferation of studies since 1980 on resulting deposits and evaluation of processes leading to their generation has built on the insights from the 1980 eruption. Volcano-related destabilizing phenomena, such as strength reduction by hydrothermal alteration, deformation and structural modifications from shallow magma intrusion, and thermal pressurization of pore fluids supplement those factors also affecting nonvolcanic slopes and can lead to larger failures. Remote and ground-based monitoring techniques can aid in detecting potentially destabilizing dynamic processes and in forecasting the size and location of future large lateral collapses, although forecasting remains a topic of investigation. More than a thousand large lateral collapse events likely ≥ 0.01 km3 in volume have now been identified from deposits or inferred from source area morphology, leading to a recognition of their importance in the evolution of volcanoes and the hazards they pose. Criteria for recognition of debris-avalanche deposits include morphological factors and textural characteristics from outcrop to microscopic scale, allowing discrimination from other volcaniclastic deposits. Lateral edifice failure impacts a broad spectrum of volcanic structures in diverse tectonic settings and can occur multiple times during the evolution of individual volcanoes. Globally, collapses ≥ 0.1 km3 in volume have been documented 5–6 times per century since 1500 CE, with about one per century having a volume ≥ 1 km3. Smaller events < 0.1 km3 are underrepresented in the earlier record but also have high hazard impact.

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The influence of hydrothermal argillization on the physical and mechanical properties of tuffaceous rocks: a case study from the Upper Pauzhetsky thermal field, Kamchatka

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

The variability of soils and vegetation of hydrothermal fields in the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka Peninsula

The variability of soils and vegetation of hydrothermal fields in the Valley of Geysers at Kamchatka Peninsula

The mechanical behaviour and failure modes of volcanic rocks: a review

Lateral edifice collapse and volcanic debris avalanches: a post-1980 Mount St. Helens perspective

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