The influence of <i>Trichinella pseudospiralis</i> infection on the behaviour of captive, nonbreeding American kestrels (<i>Falco sparverius</i>)

Saumier, Michèle D.; Rau, Manfred E.; Bird, David M.

doi:10.1139/z88-243

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Host resistance due to either physiological barriers that impede infection or genetic resistance to blood parasites (Rytkönen et al 1996, Tourenq et al 2001) could explain the absence of blood parasites in a population. However, empirical evidence for such barriers or resistance is equivocal (e.g., Saumier et al 1988, Ricklefs 1992, Palacios and Martin 2006, Valera et al 2006, and our data do not permit examination of either of these possible explanations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Apparent absence of blood parasites in Winter Wrens in British Columbia

Topp

Ogden

Martin

2007

J Field Ornithology

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To investigate the possible effect of elevation on the prevalence of hematozoa infection, we collected blood smears from a population of Winter Wrens (Troglogytes troglodytes) in the Coast Mountains of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. We sampled 119 Winter Wrens, including 88 at low elevation (0–500 m) and 31 at high elevation (900–1100 m) sites. In addition, five other species, including Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus; N= 12), Dark‐eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis; N= 11), Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus; N= 8), Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius; N= 4), and American Robin (Turdus migratorius; N= 4), were sampled. No Winter Wrens were infected by blood parasites. Among the other species, Haemoproteus infection was detected in one Varied Thrush (25%) and five Swainson's Thrushes (42%). Thus, despite the occurrence of infection in sympatrically breeding species, blood parasites are apparently absent or occur at extremely low prevalence in Winter Wrens in our study area. The presence of hematozoa in European populations of Winter Wrens, combined with an abundance of vector species in our study area, suggest population‐level resistance to infection. Further study is needed to determine the specific mechanisms involved in the apparent lack of infection in our study population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Apparent absence of blood parasites in Winter Wrens in British Columbia

Topp

Ogden

Martin

2007

J Field Ornithology

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“…In a study of male satin bowerbirds Ptilonorhynchus violaceus , there was a positive correlation between intensities of the haemosporidian Haemoproteus and the amblyceran lice Myrsidea ptilonorhynchi (Borgia et al 2004). Experimental infections of Trichinella pseudospiralis in captive American kestrels Falco sparverius reduced the time hosts spent preening (Saumier et al 1988). Several of the endoparasites observed in the current study are capable of producing disease in their hosts (Holmstad et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectoparasite intensities are correlated with endoparasite infection loads in willow ptarmigan

Holmstad¹,

Jensen²,

Skorping³

2008

Oikos

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Most studies exploring the effect of parasites on host fitness traits deal with a small subset of the parasite community, or with a single parasite species. The results of such studies may be difficult to interpret, because the potential effects of other parasites are not controlled for. If intensities of different parasite species tend to covary, any demonstrated effect by one parasite species could be caused by another, covarying species. In the current study we found that intensities of two different feather lice on willow ptarmigan were positively correlated. Moreover, ectoparasite intensities could be reliably predicted by endoparasite loads. This is unexpected since feather lice are controlled by preening, while endoparasites are kept in check by the immune system. Our results suggest a link between these two aspects of parasite defense, possibly mediated by endoparasite infections reducing host energy available for preening.

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“…Perhaps the most striking feature of these results is that the relationship between e¡ect size and the year of publication is contingent upon whether or not a parasiteinduced modi¢cation of host behaviour can be adaptive Bethel & Holmes (1973), (6) Moore (1983b), (7) Brown & Thompson (1986), (8) Moore et al (1994), (9) Daniels (1985), (10) Townson (1970), (11) WÏlker (1985), (12) Rowland & Lindsay (1986), (13) Benton & Pritchard (1990), (14) Moore & Lasswell (1986), (15) Vance (1996), (16) McNair & Timmons (1977), (17) Rau (1983), (18) Hay & Aitken (1984), (19) Saumier et al (1988), (20) Webster (1994), (21) Cox & Holland (1998), (22) Pearre (1979), (23) Lowenberger & Rau (1994), (24) Krause & Godin (1994), (25) Hurd & Fogo (1991), (26) Poulin et al (1992), (27) Robb & Reid (1996), (28) Pasternak et al (1995), (29) Wedekind & Milinski (1996) and (30) …”

Section: (A) Parasite-induced Changes In Host Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm?

Poulin

2000

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

145

116

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New scienti¢c paradigms often generate an early wave of enthusiasm among researchers and a barrage of studies seeking to validate or refute the newly proposed idea. All else being equal, the strength and direction of the empirical evidence being published should not change over time, allowing one to assess the generality of the paradigm based on the gradual accumulation of evidence. Here, I examine the relationship between the magnitude of published quantitative estimates of parasite-induced changes in host behaviour and year of publication from the time the adaptive host manipulation hypothesis was ¢rst proposed. Two independent data sets were used, both originally gathered for other purposes. First, across 137 comparisons between the behaviour of infected and uninfected hosts, the estimated relative in£uence of parasites correlated negatively with year of publication. This e¡ect was contingent upon the transmission mode of the parasites studied. The negative relationship was very strong among studies of parasites which bene¢t from host manipulation (transmission to the next host occurs by predation on an infected intermediate host), i.e. among studies which were explicit tests of the adaptive manipulation hypothesis. There was no correlation with year of publication among studies on other types of parasites which do not seem to receive bene¢ts from host manipulation. Second, among 14 estimates of the relative, parasite-mediated increase in transmission rate (i.e. increases in predation rates by de¢nitive hosts on intermediate hosts), the estimated in£uence of parasites again correlated negatively with year of publication. These results have several possible explanations, but tend to suggest biases with regard to what results are published through time as accepted paradigms changed.

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The influence of Trichinella pseudospiralis infection on the behaviour of captive, nonbreeding American kestrels (Falco sparverius)

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Apparent absence of blood parasites in Winter Wrens in British Columbia

Apparent absence of blood parasites in Winter Wrens in British Columbia

Ectoparasite intensities are correlated with endoparasite infection loads in willow ptarmigan

Manipulation of host behaviour by parasites: a weakening paradigm?

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