The influence of immunology and anesthesia on cancer

Abstract

Oncogenesis, characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, poses a global concern due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical interventions, often involving anesthetics, are common in cancer patients. Understanding their effects can lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment, especially in the context of immunotherapy. Researchers have identified how the immune system and anesthetics affect the recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Immunotherapy, which utilizes the immune system to target tumors, has shown promise in clinical trials. In the adaptive immune system, T cells and B cells play significant roles in tumor detection and elimination. The immune system consists of innate and adaptive systems that help fight infections and diseases. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger non-specific inflammatory responses in the innate immune system. Anesthesia is commonly administered to cancer patients, but different methods and groups of anesthesia exert divergent effects on oncological progression. Some studies have suggested a potential correlation between specific inhalation anesthetics and the modulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. Considering the interaction between the immune system and anesthetics, different combinations have the potential to either promote or inhibit cancer metastasis. Further exploration of these interactions is crucial for optimizing the administration of anesthesia in cancer patients and maximizing the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review sheds light on the complex interplay between immunotherapy, anesthesia, and cancer progression, providing valuable insights for future advancements in cancer treatment strategies.