The Influence of Intensively Managed Rotational Grazing, Traditional Continuous Grazing, and Confinement Housing on Bulk Tank Milk Quality and Udder Health

Goldberg, John J.; Wildman, E.E.; Pankey, J.W.; Kunkel, Johannes; Howard, Diantha B.; Murphy, Brian

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(92)77743-1

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The stay of dairy cows in pasture markedly contributes to the higher cleanness of dairy cows and their udders, and naturally to the lower microbial contamination of milk. Lower values of TBC in pasture management of dairy cows were also reported by McKinnon et al (1990), Goldberg et al (1992) and Regula et al (2002). Our results document that besides the reduction in TBC in pasture management the contamination of milk by psychrotrophic bacteria and technologically risky proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria also decreases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…McKinnon et al (1990) reported that housed dairy cows with obviously clean udders might contribute to contamination by more than 10 000 CFU/ml of milk while grazing dairy cows with clean teats might contribute less than 100 CFU/ml of milk. Lower values of TBC in grazing management systems in dairy cows were also reported by Goldberg et al (1992) and Regula et al (2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

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Contamination of cow's raw milk by psychrotrophic and mesophilic microflora in relation to selected factors

Cempírková¹

2007

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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AbstrACt:The objective of the paper was to analyse the influence of dairy cow management technology, milking method, predipping and summer grazing on the contamination of cow's raw milk by mesophilic (TBC), psychrotrophic (PBC), lipolytic (PLiBC) and proteolytic (PPrBC) bacteria. The values of TBC, PBC, PLiBC and PPrBC in bulk milk samples were determined by the culture method according to IDF standards. Investigations were carried out in nine stables of seven dairy farms from January 2005 to June 2006. Summer grazing has the most marked influence on the values of studied parameters. Farms with summer grazing had a lower microbial contamination of milk compared to farms without grazing and the difference was statistically highly significant in all studied parameters (P < 0.001). A positive effect of predipping on a reduction in the values of milk microbial contamination was proved while the difference between farms with predipping and those without it was on a significance level P < 0.05 to 0.001 except PLiBC. A comparison of the influence of dairy cow management technology indicated the lowest values of all microbiological indicators in loose cubicle littered housing, higher values were determined in stanchion littered housing and the highest in loose slatted-floor housing. A statistical difference between the technologies was proved mainly in TBC (P < 0.001). Farms with milking in milking parlours had a lower microbial contamination of milk compared to farms that used the in-stall milking pipeline system but the difference was statistically significant only in TBC (P < 0.05).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 54%

Contamination of cow's raw milk by psychrotrophic and mesophilic microflora in relation to selected factors

Cempírková¹

2007

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Housing conditions (bedding material, litter management) and milk house water supply can also influence the quality of the milk (27,29,43). Moreover, according to the maintenance and the microbial diversity of milk, biofilms formed in the milking machine can inoculate the milk (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cow Teat Skin, a Potential Source of Diverse Microbial Populations for Cheese Production

Verdier‐Metz¹,

Gagné

Bornes

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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The diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as 66 identified species, mainly belonging to those commonly found in raw milk (Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Aerococcus, and Staphylococcus). Several of them, such as nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB), Staphylococcus, and Actinobacteria, may contribute to the development of the sensory characteristics of cheese during ripening. Therefore, teat skin could be an interesting source or vector of biodiversity for milk. Variations of microbial counts and diversity between the farms studied have been observed. Moreover, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus devriesei, Staphylococcus arlettae, Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus equinus, Clavibacter michiganensis, Coprococcus catus, or Arthrobacter gandavensis commensal bacteria of teat skin and teat canal, as well as human skin, are not common in milk, suggesting that there is a breakdown of microbial flow from animal to milk. It would then be interesting to thoroughly study this microbial flow from teat to milk.

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“…Herd size has been reported to have a positive correlation with total aerobic count and CC probably due to confinement and greater contamination (Elmoslemany et al, 2010;Goldberg et al, 1992). In the study of Jayarao et al (2004) herd size did not affect the SPC, PIC and LPC but affected the CC.…”

Section: The Effect Of Herd Sizementioning

confidence: 66%

Discrepancies in Evaluating Farm Management Routines as Risk Factors of Raw Milk and Udder Hygiene in Selected Dairy Farms of Fars Province, Iran

Mohebbi‐Fani¹,

Shekarforoush²,

Hosseinzadeh³

et al. 2016

İstanbul Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg.

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The management practices relevant to bulk tank milk quality were studied in 29 dairy farms of Fars Province, Iran. Farm management practices were obtained by completion of a questionnaire and direct observation. Bulk milk was evaluated by performing standard plate count (SPC), preliminary incubation count (PIC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC), somatic cell count (SCC) and detection of the contagious mastitis agents. The farms were divided into low and high SPC groups (below and above 100,000 CFU/mL) based on Iranian standards. Comparisons of the laboratory results between groups were done using two independent samples t-test. The relationships between the laboratory results were studied by Pearson's correlation coefficients, all after logarithmic transformation. Associations of managerial risk factors (obtained by the questionnaire and one time of observation) with laboratory results were investigated using two independent samples t-test. P-values <0.05 were considered as significant. Both low and high SPC farms had PIC, LPC, CC and SCC levels above the relevant intervention limits, although the low SPC group had lower PIC and CC levels (P<0.001) and numerically lower LPC and SCC levels (P>0.05). Strong correlations were detected between SPC and PIC, SPC and CC, and PIC and CC, but many of the well explained risk factors of undesired milk quality lacked any relation with high bacterial counts of raw milk. This could be due to the small number of the studied farms, almost similar faults in the farms, wrong answers of the employees to the questions and modification of the milking practices in the presence of an inspector. Infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma bovis could be potential problems in the studied farms, contributing to the elevation of SCC and/or SPC levels. Veterinary interventions could not be based on the questionnaire results. Direct and frequent observations of farm routines could be recommended.

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The Influence of Intensively Managed Rotational Grazing, Traditional Continuous Grazing, and Confinement Housing on Bulk Tank Milk Quality and Udder Health

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Contamination of cow's raw milk by psychrotrophic and mesophilic microflora in relation to selected factors

Contamination of cow's raw milk by psychrotrophic and mesophilic microflora in relation to selected factors

Cow Teat Skin, a Potential Source of Diverse Microbial Populations for Cheese Production

Discrepancies in Evaluating Farm Management Routines as Risk Factors of Raw Milk and Udder Hygiene in Selected Dairy Farms of Fars Province, Iran

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