The influence of irrigation on the productivity of domestic potato varieties in the conditions of the Pre-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of varieties of Russian selecia presented by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Potato Research Center named after A.G. Lorch". In the studies conducted in 2023 on the basis of Agrobiotechnopark LLC at the Kazan State Agrarian University, the following potato varieties of domestic selection were presented: early-ripening - Meteor and Gulliver; medium-early potato varieties Ariel, Krasa Meschery and Surprise; medium-ripe - Grand and Pennant and Purple potato variety. Irrigation has had a positive effect on all the studied domestic potato varieties. When analyzing such indicators as the flatness of the development of the leaf surface, the height of the plant, the increase in the mass of the tops and tubers and taking into account the yield, all the studied varieties on irrigation gave the highest indicators than when cultivated on the bogar. The weather conditions of the growing season of 2023 differed significantly from the average long-term data. Since the air temperature in May, July and August was higher than the average annual values. As for, 46.79 mm of precipitation fell in May, which is 23 % higher than the average annual data, June was drier (only 6 mm of precipitation fell, which is 10% of the norm), in July and August precipitation fell only – 50.3 and 37.1 % of the monthly norm, respectively. According to the results of the analysis of the leaf surface area of domestic varieties, it can be judged that the use of irrigation on potatoes in 2023 showed positive dynamics in all variants compared to the cultivation of this crop on bogar. Thus, its maximum value of 19,909 thousand m2/ha in the flowering phase was achieved with irrigation of the medium-ripened potato variety Grand, which is 2205 thousand m2/ha higher than when cultivating this variety on bogar. The maximum yield of 21.8 t/ha was obtained for the medium-ripened potato variety Grand, which is 9.28 t/ ha higher when cultivating this variety without watering. The medium–early potato variety Ariel also formed a fairly high yield - 20.94 t/ ha.