The Influence of Kidney Stones and Salivary Uric Acid on Dental Calculus Formation and Periodontal Status among Some Saudi Patients Aged 25 - 70 Years

Abstract

Background: The formation of kidney stones is considered a complicated process. Consequently, there are many questions about the link between kidney stones formation and level of salivary uric acid and calculus formation on the teeth surfaces. Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between the level of salivary uric acid and kidney stones formation and their influence on dental calculus and periodontal status among Saudi patients aged 25-70 years. Materials and Methods: 120 Saudi male patients were examined (60 of Kidney stones patients and 60 patients of non-kidney stones patients) for clinical evaluation of plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), calculus index of oral hygiene (CI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Moreover, lab assessment of uric acid level in the collected salivary samples was done. The findings were analyzed using of ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Results: There were statistically significant differences in clinical parameters among kidney stones patients and non-kidney stones patients (p < 0.05), but these differences were highly statistically significant in the correlation between calculus index (CI), plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) among kidney stone patients in group II, moreover, PLI and clinical attachment loss (CAL) among kidney stone patients in group III (p < 0.001). The statistical analyses revealed statistically significant differences in the level of salivary uric acid (mg/dl) in the comparison between kidney stones patients and non-kidney stones patients in group I and group III, whereas there were highly statistically significant in the comparison between kidney stones patients and non-kidney stones patients in group III. Conclusion: At the end of this study, we

Association Between Kidney Stone and Dental Calculus in a Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The present study demonstrated a positive correlation between the calculus index and the plaque index for the control and kidney stone groups. This is in agreement with previous studies that found a positive correlation between the value of plaque index and calculus formation [13,14].…”

“…This condition, which is not related to the frequency of the dental calculi, may be directly related to oral hygiene status. This contradicts other studies, which suggested that the formation of dental calculus may be an indicator of other types of stones, such as kidney stones [11,13]. Although caution must be used in interpreting the results due to the small sample size, these findings suggest that the formation of dental plaque and calculus may not predict the development of kidney stones.…”

The Role of Sulfhydryl (Thiols) Groups in Oral and Periodontal Diseases

“…These natural substances can be considered as adjuncts to conventional therapy for periodontitis. However, studies on the relationship between antioxidant status and periodontitis have produced discordant results [111][112][113]: not all studies have observed significant differences in total antioxidant levels between saliva samples from healthy subjects and those with periodontitis. This study aims to further investigate the role of sulfhydryl groups (thiols) in the periodontal environment by exploring their variations in the initial and clinical manifestations of periodontal disease [7,114].…”