The Influence of Life History Strategies on Regional Variation in Social and Sexual Equality in Italy, Spain and Mexico

Black, Candace Jasmine; Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Mateo; Minera, Cindy Elizabeth Chavarria; Figueredo, Aurelio José

doi:10.46469/mq.2017.57.3.5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For example, in early hunter gatherer environments, people’s survival and reproductive success depended on social success, on cooperation with a variety of inhibitors on aggressive and wealth accumulation (Boehm, 1999). Ever since the advent of agriculture (Black et al, 2017) and the shift out of nomadic hunter gatherer groups, these balances have changed. Humans have had to contend with the creation of surplus, rapidly expanding group sizes and the formation of complex power hierarchies.…”

Section: Agriculture the Emergence Of Accumulators And The Rise Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Prosocial and Antisocial Competitive Behavior and the Emergence of Prosocial and Antisocial Leadership Styles

Gilbert

Basran

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Evolutionary analysis focuses on how genes build organisms with different strategies for engaging and solving life’s challenges of survival and reproduction. One of those challenges is competing with conspecifics for limited resources including reproductive opportunities. This article suggests that there is now good evidence for considering two dimensions of social competition. The first, has been labeled as antisocial strategies, to the extent that they tend to be self-focused, threat sensitive and aggressive, and use tactics of bulling, threatening, and intimidating subordinates, or even injuring/killing competitors. Such strategies can inhibit care and affiliative social interactions and motivation. The social signals emitted stimulate threat processing in recipients and can create stressed and highly stratified groups with a range of detrimental psychological and physiological effects. Second, in contrast, prosocial strategies seek to create relaxed and secure social interactions that enable sharing, cooperative, mutually supportive and beneficial relationships. The friendly and low/no threat social signals emitted in friendly cooperative and affiliative relationships stimulate physiological systems (e.g., oxytocin, the vagus nerve of the parasympathetic system) that downregulates threat processing, enhances the immune system, and facilitates frontal cortical processes and general wellbeing. This article reviews the literature pertaining to the evidence for these two dimensions of social engagement.

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Section: Agriculture the Emergence Of Accumulators And The Rise Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Prosocial and Antisocial Competitive Behavior and the Emergence of Prosocial and Antisocial Leadership Styles

Gilbert

Basran

2019

Front. Psychol.

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“…The current study examined cross-national variations in homicide rates through a social biogeographical lens, considering the effects upon homicide of physical ecology (the Boreal Index, that is, the 25-year averages for temperature and precipitation), community ecology (parasite burden and population density), social ecology (life history strategy, operational sex ratio, ethnolinguistic diversity), cultural ecology (the Gini coefficient, GDP per capita, percentage of young men in the labor force), and cognitive ecology (aggregate national intelligence). Previous studies have found significant effects of physical and social ecology over behavioral variables using cross-regional and cross-national samples (e.g., Black et al, 2017; Figueredo et al, 2016; Kanazawa, 2008a; Kanazawa, 2009; Thornhill & Fincher, 2014), thus this project used a similar approach to determine how social, cultural and cognitive ecology predicted lethal intragroup unlawful aggressions.…”

Section: Purpose Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a comprehensive approach has been lacking that looks collectively at this diversity of potential predictors, the interrelations and the sequence of effects among them. Recent studies have implemented such an integrative approach to predict other behavioral variables (see Black, Peñaherrera-Aguirre, Minera, & Figueredo, 2017; Cabeza de Baca & Figueredo, 2017; Fernandes, Figueredo, Garcia, & Wolf, 2017; Fernandes & Woodley, 2017; Figueredo et al, 2017), and here we apply similar methods to a cross-national examination of homicide rates. To that end, we start by reviewing and summarizing several potential types of causal influences behind the variation in homicide rates.…”

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confidence: 99%

A social biogeography of homicide: Multilevel and sequential canonical examinations of intragroup unlawful killings.

Peñaherrera-Aguirre

Hertler

Figueredo

et al. 2019

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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A considerable number of publications have examined the effect of various geographical, life history, social, economic and political factors on homicide. However, few studies were interested in examining the effect of these forces in an integrated social biogeography of homicide. This study collected data for 172 nation-states from various publications and databases. Standardized Studentized residuals were extracted from a multilevel model examining the effects of geographical adjacency upon homicide rates. A general linear model was used, with the residuals, to observe the effects of physical, community, social, cultural, and cognitive ecology upon homicide. Two sequential canonical analyses (SEQCA) were conducted to determine the mediating effects among the ecological indicators with respect to homicide. In the SEQCA, we hypothesized physical ecology would lead to communal ecology, in turn leading to social ecology, subsequently leading to cognitive ecology, and ultimately to homicide. A parsimony test concluded that economic growth and inequality fully mediated the relationship between cognitive ecology and homicide residuals. Similarly, the effects of life history upon homicide were fully mediated by social ecology. This study suggests several social ecology factors appear to directly affect homicide; however, other aspects of ecology indirectly affected homicide through influences on social ecology. The effect of indicators of social ecology such as income inequality and the operational sex ratio indicate competition for resources is a significant force generating differences in homicide rates across populations. In conclusion, a suite of evolutionary pressures seems to influence homicide rates, but mainly in a sequential nature rather than simultaneously.

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Lawrence H. Keeley: Pre-state Societies in the Hobbesian Trap

Hertler

Figueredo

Peñaherrera-Aguirre

et al. 2018

Life History Evolution

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The Influence of Life History Strategies on Regional Variation in Social and Sexual Equality in Italy, Spain and Mexico

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The Evolution of Prosocial and Antisocial Competitive Behavior and the Emergence of Prosocial and Antisocial Leadership Styles

The Evolution of Prosocial and Antisocial Competitive Behavior and the Emergence of Prosocial and Antisocial Leadership Styles

A social biogeography of homicide: Multilevel and sequential canonical examinations of intragroup unlawful killings.

Lawrence H. Keeley: Pre-state Societies in the Hobbesian Trap

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