The Influence of Light Adaptation on Subsequent Dark Adaptation of the Eye

Hecht, Selig; Haig, Charles; Chase, Aurin M.

doi:10.1085/jgp.20.6.831

Cited by 260 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The rod segment of variation ofthe logarithm ofthe intensity threshold with time in the dark has been reported to be well fitted by a decaying exponential function from all prior levels oflight adaptation (Haig, 1941;Hecht, Haig, & Chase 1937;Pugh 1975b). Since our particular interest here is in dark adaptation following light levels close to the ones employed in the present experiments, we fitted decaying exponentials to the lower four sets of Haig's (1941) data and to the decay following 0.1%, 0.5%, 2%, and 7% rhodopsin bleaches measured by Rushton and Powell (1972), and again have obtained excellent fits.l" (The light levels in the present experiment with the illuminated background correspond to somewhat less than 0.1% bleached rhodopsin, as calculated by Rushton and Powell's approach.…”

Section: Similarity For Time Courses Ofvpel and Rod Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Light and dark adaptation of visually perceived eye level controlled by visual pitch

Matin

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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The pitch of a visual field systematically influences the elevation at which a monocularly viewing subject sets a target so as to appear at visually perceived eye level (VPEL). The deviation of the setting from true eye level averages approximately 0.6 times the angle of pitch while viewing a fully illuminated complexly structured visual field and is only slightly less with one or two pitched-fromvertical lines in a dark field (Matin & Li, 1994a). The deviation of VPEL from baseline following 20 min of dark adaptation reaches its full value less than 1 min after the onset of illumination of the pitched visual field and decays exponentially in darkness following 5 min of exposure to visual pitch, either 30°topbackward or 20°topforward. The magnitude of the VPEL deviation measured with the dark-adapted right eye following left-eye exposure to pitch was 85%ofthe deviation that followed pitch exposure of the right eye itself. Time constants for VPEL decay to the dark baseline were the same for same-eye and cross-adaptation conditions and averaged about 4 min. The time constants for decay during dark adaptation were somewhat smaller, and the change during dark adaptation extended over a 16% smaller range following the viewing of the dim two-line pitched-from-vertical stimulus than following the viewing of the complex field. The temporal course of light and dark adaptation ofVPEL is virtually identical to the course oflight and dark adaptation of the scotopic luminance threshold following exposure to the same luminance. We suggest that, following rod stimulation along particular retinal orientations by portions of the pitched visual field, the storage of the adaptation process resides in the retinogeniculate system and is manifested in the focal system as a change in luminance threshold and in the ambient system as a change in VPEL.The linear model previously developed to account for VPEL, which was based on the interaction of influences from the pitched visual field and extraretinal influences from the body-referenced mechanism, was employed to incorporate the effects of adaptation. Connections between VPEL adaptation and other cases of perceptual adaptation of visual direction are described.The physical elevation of visually perceived eye level (VPEL) changes linearly with the pitch! of an illuminated visual field (Matin & Fox, 1986Matin, Fox, & Doktorsky, 1987;Matin & Li, 1989b, 1992b, 1992c, 1994a, 1994bMatin, Li, & Doktorsky, 1988;Stoper & Cohen, 1989). Employing the normally illuminated and complexly structured pitchroom shown in Figure 1a, average VPEL values for different groups of 8 subjects in two separate experiments deviated from true eye level by 0.61 and 0.63 times the angle of visual pitch over pitch ranges of 65°and 50°, respectively; one of the experiments involved monocular viewing, and the second involved binocular viewing. The slope of each subject's VPEL-versus-pitch function was linear, with individual slopes that ranged from +0.44 to +0.84. These individual slopes have demonstrated a great deal ...

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Section: Similarity For Time Courses Ofvpel and Rod Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Light and dark adaptation of visually perceived eye level controlled by visual pitch

Matin

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…1), show the time course of log threshold, measured through a range of 5 log units from its starting point at more than a hundred times cone threshold, and lying throughout close to the exponential curve shown, of half-life 4-5 min. This is the normal recovery curve for human rods (Hecht, Haig & Chase, 1973, half-life 4-75 min, measured over 3 log units; Rushton, 1965, half-life 4-5 min, measured over 4-3 log units; Alpern, Rushton & Torii, 1970, half-life 4-5 min, measured over 6 log units, with rhodopsin regeneration coinciding).…”

Section: J Gosline D I a Macleod And W A H Rushtonmentioning

confidence: 85%

The dark adaptation curve of rods measured by their after‐image.

Gosline¹,

MacLeod²,

Rushton³

1976

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The common dark adaptation curve exhibits two branches; the course of the rod branch cannot normally be 'measured at early times since it lies above the observed cone thresholds. In this paper we measure it.2. This is done by observing the negative after-image against a uniform background critically adjusted in luminance.3. Adjacent to the bleached area to be studied is a second area more strongly bleached. If the background intensity is below threshold for the less bleached area it will not be seen there; but if the background is above that threshold, this area will be seen brighter than the other.4. The dark adapted threshold on the less bleached area is therefore the background luminance which just permits the two areas to be distinguished in the after-image.5. After 5 min cones have quite recovered, and thus have no afterimage to contaminate the rod image.6. The rod curve measured by after-image is traced over 5 units of log threshold: it is an exponential with half life of 4*5 min, and coincides with the time course of regeneration of rhodopsin in man.

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“…Os círculos violetas correspóndese a medidas onde o suxeito apreciaba a luz limiar 42 -UNIDADE DIDÁCTICA VI. Características básicas do sistema detector (Hecht et al, 1937) como violeta, entanto os círculos co centro claro correspóndense a medidas onde o suxeito non apreciaba cor na luz limiar. Tendo isto en conta a interpretación dos datos experimentais é evidente.…”

Section: Adaptación a Escuridadeunclassified

Características básicas do sistema detector

Seijas¹,

Lago²

2015

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The Influence of Light Adaptation on Subsequent Dark Adaptation of the Eye

Cited by 260 publications

References 16 publications

Light and dark adaptation of visually perceived eye level controlled by visual pitch

Light and dark adaptation of visually perceived eye level controlled by visual pitch

The dark adaptation curve of rods measured by their after‐image.

Características básicas do sistema detector

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