The Influence of Living Conditions on Self-Rated Health: Evidence from China

Gu, Jiafeng; Ming, Xing

doi:10.3390/ijerph18179200

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Fourth, the cognition of self-health may influence healthcare utilization inequity. The SRH reflects an individual’s sensitive and holistic view of overall health, including physical and mental health [ 65 , 66 ]. Low SRH may be associated with increased healthcare utilization [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequity in the healthcare utilization among latent classes of elderly people with chronic diseases and decomposition analysis in China

et al. 2022

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Background Studies have shown chronic disease-based healthcare utilization inequity is common. Hence, exploring this issue can help in establishing targeted measures and protecting the rights and interests of vulnerable groups. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to explore the latent classification of elderly patients with chronic disease and compare healthcare utilization inequity among latent classes. Methods This study used the data of 7243 elderly patient with chronic diseases collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018. Latent class analysis was used to classify the patients with chronic diseases, and analysis of variance and $${x}^{2}$$ x 2 tests were utilized to test the differences in characteristics among latent classes. Healthcare utilization inequity was measured based on the concentration index (CI), and the CI was decomposed to compare the horizontal index of healthcare utilization among the latent classes. Results The patients with chronic diseases were divided into five latent classes, namely, the musculoskeletal system, hypertension, respiratory system, digestive system and cardiovascular system groups. Statistically significant differences in social demographic characteristics were observed among the five latent classes (P < 0.05). A pro-rich healthcare utilization inequity for all respondents was observed (outpatient CI = 0.080, inpatient CI = 0.135), and a similar phenomenon in latent classes was found except for the musculoskeletal system group in outpatient visits (CI = -0.037). The digestive system group had the worst equity (outpatient CI = 0.197, inpatient CI = 0.157) and the respiratory system group had the best (outpatient CI = 0.001, inpatient CI = 0.086). After balancing the influence of health need factors, healthcare utilization inequity was almost alleviated. Furthermore, for all respondents, the contribution of health need factors (65.227% for outpatient and 81.593% for inpatient) was larger than that of socioeconomic factors (-21.774% for outpatient and 23.707 for inpatient), and self-rated health status was the greatest contributor (57.167% for outpatient and 79.399% for inpatient). The characteristics were shown in latent classes. Conclusions Healthcare utilization inequity still exists in elderly patients with chronic diseases, and the specific performances of inequity vary among latent classes. Moreover, self-rated health status plays an important role in healthcare utilization inequity. Providing financial support to low-income patients with certain chronic diseases, focusing on their physical and mental feelings and guiding them to evaluate their health status correctly could be essential for alleviating healthcare utilization inequity among elderly patients with chronic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequity in the healthcare utilization among latent classes of elderly people with chronic diseases and decomposition analysis in China

et al. 2022

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“…Another important indicator is the availability of tap water. The absence of tap water at home shows that the residence is not in an urban area, and is generally located in remote and backward mountainous areas [75]. Correspondingly, three variables were used to measure the quality of the living space.…”

Section: Measurement Variables Of Living Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Living Conditions on Online Education: Evidence from China

Gu¹

2022

Sustainability

Self Cite

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Students need to maintain certain living conditions in order to pursue online learning at home. However, there is a lack of a scientific explanation for the extent to which students’ performance in online at-home education is influenced by living conditions. Students from 2002 low-income households in China were surveyed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to explore the impact of living conditions on online education. The results showed that, rather than computers and smartphones, broadband Internet at home can affect students’ performance in online learning. The larger the residence area, the better the children’s performance in at-home e-learning. Moreover, children living in dilapidated houses are unable to satisfactorily perform in an e-learning environment. Contrarily, children who live in families with separate rooms and tap water show better performances. Additionally, the performance will be worse in the case of unattended students. Furthermore, children from low-income and -status families in the community are often at a disadvantage in an at-home e-learning environment. Cognition regarding the connection between living conditions and online education can be crucial for the improvement of the living conditions of low-income families in order to achieve online education equity.

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“…Where we live has compound effects on our physical and mental health (Frank et al, 2006): on how much we walk or eat healthy, on the air that we breathe and water that we drink, on our shelter protection and access to health services, and on how much we earn and how many neighbours we know or how tense we feel on the daily journey to work or school (MHCLG, 2020). In cities, the impact of living conditions on health is more salient for most people in our urban century (Gu & Ming, 2021). Many local, national and international initiatives that support public health are now focused on improving urban living conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A set of 99 healthy city indicators for application in urban planning and design

Bafarasat

Cheshmehzangi

Ankowska

2023

Sustainable Development

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Despite much interest in healthy, sustainable cities, currently they are often on the margins of urban planning and design, not the centre. Part of the reason for this is technical. Many planners are interested in designing healthier cities but wonder how to link their objectives with actions. This study develops 99 indicators for a healthy city. The basis for the development of indicators was the 11 objectives of a healthy city according to the World Health Organisation. Application of these indicators helps push healthy city objectives to the centre of urban planning and design in two ways: (I) the indicators can show gap with each objective; and (II) monitoring the indicators over time can show the performance of solutions for each objective. It is possible to explore synergies and trade-offs between the 11 objectives of healthy cities by examining the relationships between their 99 indicators. Trade-offs between healthy city objectives in some contexts might require local adjustment of these objectives. This, in turn, would require adjustment of their indicators. Thus, the set of 99 indicators can be used as a starting point in an iterative process of adapting healthy city objectives and indicators to local circumstances. K E Y W O R D S cities, healthy city, indicators, sustainable development, urban design, urban health, urban planning 1 | INTRODUCTION There are several sets of indicators for healthy cities, so why does this study develop another one? The existing sets of indicators are organised in categories of health determinants. So, if these indicators are meant to detect gaps with the objectives of healthy cities and show problem areas, it is unclear what indicators relate to what objectives. As indicators do not flow from objectives, it is also difficult to understand if some indicators are missing, less relevant or more critical. This study aims to develop healthy city indicators that flow from healthy city objectives. It involves a mixed-method study that results in a set of essential indicators. Most of indicators of this study are either refined from existing indicators or new indicators to match the objectives of healthy cities. 1.1 | Healthy city: Context and significance "A healthy city is one that puts health, social wellbeing, equity and sustainable development at the centre of local policies, strategies and programmes based on core values of the right to health and-wellbeing, peace, social justice, gender equality, solidarity, social inclusion and sustainable development and guided by

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The Influence of Living Conditions on Self-Rated Health: Evidence from China

Cited by 11 publications

References 76 publications

Inequity in the healthcare utilization among latent classes of elderly people with chronic diseases and decomposition analysis in China

Inequity in the healthcare utilization among latent classes of elderly people with chronic diseases and decomposition analysis in China

Impact of Living Conditions on Online Education: Evidence from China

A set of 99 healthy city indicators for application in urban planning and design

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