The Influence of Living Near Roadways on Spirometry and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Elementary Schoolchildren

Dales, Robert; Wheeler, Amanda; Mahmud, Mamun; Frescura, Anna Maria; Smith‐Doiron, Marc; Nethery, Elizabeth; Liu, Ling

doi:10.1289/ehp.10943

Cited by 78 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…FE NO has been related to the exposure to particles, NO 2 and ozone, measured either by personal or by ambient monitors in panel studies of children with asthma and in healthy children (6,28,29). Moreover, FE NO levels have been found to be elevated in the children living in areas characterized by high traffic exposure (30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma Symptoms, Lung Function, and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Children Exposed to Oil Refinery Pollution

et al. 2010

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Objectives. Little is known about the effects of exposure to petroleum refinery emissions on respiratory health in children. We evaluated lung function and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in children and adolescents with and without asthma or wheezing symptoms living in a petrochemical polluted area (Sarroch, Sardinia) versus a reference area (Burcei). Methods. Parents of 275/300 6-to 14-year-old children living in Sarroch and parents of 214/323 children living in Burcei answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and risk factors. Measurements of forced expiratory volume after 1 second (FEV 1 ) and of forced expiratory flow rates at 25-75% of vital capacity ) were available in 27 and 23 asthma/wheezing-positive subjects and in 7 and 54 asthma/wheezing-negative subjects in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively; for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE NO ) corresponding figures were 27 and 24 and 8 and 55 in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively. Malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine (MDA-dG) adduct levels in nasal mucosa were measured in 12-to 14-year-old adolescents (8 and 14 asthma/wheezing-positive and 20 and 28 asthma/wheezing-negative subjects in Sarroch and in Burcei, respectively). Air pollutants were assessed during 3 weeks, starting 1 week before lung function, FE NO , and MDA-dG measurements. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the effect of the area of residence adjusting for confounders. Results. Weekly average concentrations of sulfur dioxide were 6.9-61.6 µg/m 3 in Sarroch versus 0.3-7.6 µg/m 3 in the rural area of Burcei; of nitrogen dioxide, 5.2-28.7 µg/m 3 versus 1.7-5.3 µg/m 3 ; and of benzene, 1.8-9.0 µg/m 3 versus 1.3-1.5 µg/m 3 , respectively. Children living in Sarroch versus children living in the reference area showed an increase in wheezing symptoms {adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.70 [90% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01; 2.86]}; a decrease in lung function [variation in FEV 1 = −10.3% (90% CI = −15.0; −6.0%) and in FEF 25-75 = −12.9% (90% CI = −20.7; −4.3%)]; an increase in bronchial inflammation [variation in FE NO = +35% (90% CI = 11.7; 80.1%)]; and an increase in MDA-dG adducts of +83% (90% CI = 22.9; 174.1%). Conclusions. Data from this small study are consistent with the role of environmental pollutants on lung function and inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma Symptoms, Lung Function, and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Children Exposed to Oil Refinery Pollution

et al. 2010

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“…WOEAS recruited 50 participants from the Windsor Children's Respiratory Health Study. 31,32 Participation was limited to children between the ages of 10 and 13 who had physician diagnosed asthma. Health data collection was concurrent with air monitoring for all study participants, with daily lung function and questionnaire data collected for a total of 5 days in winter and 5 days in summer.…”

Section: Health Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each measurement, participants were instructed to collect three flow readings. As described by Dales et al, 31,32 the maximum of the three readings was used for the analyses reported in this paper. Study design and protocols were approved by Health Canada's Research Ethics Board and all personal information is protected according to the Access to Information and Privacy Acts.…”

Section: Health Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of temporally refined land-use regression models predicting daily household-level air pollution in a panel study of lung function among asthmatic children

Johnson

MacNeill

Grgicak‐Mannion

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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1Regulatory monitoring data and land-use regression (LUR) models have been widely used for estimating individual exposure to ambient air pollution in epidemiologic studies. However, LUR models lack fine-scale temporal resolution for predicting acute exposure and regulatory monitoring provides daily concentrations, but fails to capture spatial variability within urban areas. This study coupled LUR models with continuous regulatory monitoring to predict daily ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) at 50 homes in Windsor, Ontario. We compared predicted versus measured daily outdoor concentrations for 5 days in winter and 5 days in summer at each home. We also examined the implications of using modeled versus measured daily pollutant concentrations to predict daily lung function among asthmatic children living in those homes. Mixed effect analysis suggested that temporally refined LUR models explained a greater proportion of the spatial and temporal variance in daily household-level outdoor NO 2 measurements compared with daily concentrations based on regulatory monitoring. Temporally refined LUR models captured 40% (summer) and 10% (winter) more of the spatial variance compared with regulatory monitoring data. Ambient PM 2.5 showed little spatial variation; therefore, daily PM 2.5 models were similar to regulatory monitoring data in the proportion of variance explained. Furthermore, effect estimates for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) based on modeled pollutant concentrations were consistent with effects based on household-level measurements for NO 2 and PM 2.5 . These results suggest that LUR modeling can be combined with continuous regulatory monitoring data to predict daily household-level exposure to ambient air pollution. Temporally refined LUR models provided a modest improvement in estimating daily householdlevel NO 2 compared with regulatory monitoring data alone, suggesting that this approach could potentially improve exposure estimation for spatially heterogeneous pollutants. These findings have important implications for epidemiologic studies -in particular, for research focused on short-term exposure and health effects.

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“…Proximity to major roads, a surrogate of traffic exposure, has been associated with decreased lung growth (3), increased asthma symptoms (4), increased airway inflammatory markers including exhaled nitric oxide (5), and increased oxidative stress markers (6).The association between exposure to air pollution and development of asthma, however, is less clear, although recent research has found incident asthma to be associated with exposure to traffic-related air pollution (7). Air pollution in urban areas is a complex mixture of particles and gas-phase pollutants arising from a myriad of sources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years

Ryan¹,

Bernstein²,

Lockey³

et al. 2009

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

106

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Rationale: Murine models demonstrate a synergistic production of reactive oxygen species on coexposure to diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin. Objectives: It was hypothesized that coexposure to traffic-related particles and endotoxin would have an additive effect on persistent wheezing during early childhood. Methods: Persistent wheezing at age 36 months was assessed in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a high-risk birth cohort. A time-weighted average exposure to traffic-related particles was determined by applying a land-use regression model to the homes, day cares, and other locations where children spent time from birth through age 36 months. Indoor levels of endotoxin were measured from dust samples collected before age 12 months. The relationship between dichotomized (,/>75th percentile) trafficrelated particle and endotoxin exposure and persistent wheezing, controlling for potential covariates, was examined. Measurements and Main Results: Persistent wheezing at age 36 months was significantly associated with exposure to increased levels of traffic-related particles before age 12 months (OR 5 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.87). Coexposure to endotoxin had a synergistic effect with traffic exposure on persistent wheeze (OR 5 5.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.89-18.13) after adjustment for significant covariates. Conclusions:The association between traffic-related particle exposure and persistent wheezing at age 36 months is modified by exposure to endotoxin. This finding supports prior toxicological studies demonstrating a synergistic production of reactive oxygen species after coexposure to diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin. The effect of early versus later exposure to traffic-related particles, however, remains to be studied because of the high correlation between exposure throughout the first 3 years of life.

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The Influence of Living Near Roadways on Spirometry and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Elementary Schoolchildren

Cited by 78 publications

References 34 publications

Asthma Symptoms, Lung Function, and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Children Exposed to Oil Refinery Pollution

Asthma Symptoms, Lung Function, and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Children Exposed to Oil Refinery Pollution

Development of temporally refined land-use regression models predicting daily household-level air pollution in a panel study of lung function among asthmatic children

Exposure to Traffic-related Particles and Endotoxin during Infancy Is Associated with Wheezing at Age 3 Years

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