The influence of local background climate on the dominant factors and threshold-size of the cooling effect of urban parks

Geng, Xiaolei; Yu, Zhaowu; Zhang, Dou; Li, Chengwei; Yuan, Yuan; Wang, Xiangrong

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153806

Cited by 81 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Our study shows that the TVoE is 0.37 ha, 0.77 ha, and 0.42 ha in Dhaka, Kolkata and Bangkok, respectively. Geng et al (2022) applied the TVoE method to 207 urban parks in 27 cities in East China with four…”

Section: Urban Cooling Effects and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse cooling effects of green space on urban heat island in tropical megacities

Zong-tang

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Cities in tropical regions are experiencing high heat risks by overlaying the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Urban green space (UGS) can provide local cooling effect and reduce UHI. However, there still lack a comprehensive exploration of the characteristics of UHI and cooling effect of UGS due to high cloud coverage and limited number of available remote sensing observations. In this study, the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance data fusion method was employed to develop an enhanced land surface temperature data in winter seasons in three tropical megacities, Dhaka, Kolkata, and Bangkok. The spatiotemporal variations of surface urban heat island (SUHI) were explored from 2000 to 2020 with a 5-years interval. The optimal size of UGS associated with its cooling effects was assessed by using the threshold value of efficiency (TVoE). The relationship between the intensity and range of urban cooling island (UCI) and four landscape metrics of green space patches, total area (P_Area), shape index (P_SI), normalized difference vegetation index (P_NDVI), and land surface temperature (P_LST), were analyzed. The results show that the average SUHI intensity increased by 0.98°C, 1.42°C, and 0.73°C in Dhaka, Kolkata, and Bangkok, respectively, from 2000 to 2020. The maximum intensity of UCI ranges from 4.83°C in Bangkok to 8.07°C in Kolkata, and the maximum range of UCI varies from 300 m in Bangkok to 420 m in Kolkata. The optimal size of green space is 0.37 ha, 0.77 ha, and 0.42 ha in Dhaka, Kolkata, and Bangkok, respectively. The P_NDVI and P_Area had significant positive effects on UCI intensity and range, while the background temperature had significant negative effects. With higher background temperature, the optimal patch size of UGS is larger. This study provides useful information for developing effective heat mitigation and adaptation strategies to enhance climate resilience in tropical cities.

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Section: Urban Cooling Effects and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse cooling effects of green space on urban heat island in tropical megacities

Zong-tang

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…However, owing to the “more people and less land” nature prevalent in China, the alleviation of the UHI by increasing the number and area of urban parks is not practically feasible without restrictions. A solution can be the determination of the influencing factors of the park cooling effect (PCE), and then optimizing existing parks or planning new urban parks considering the importance of the influencing factors to maximize the PCE, thus effectively mitigating the UHI [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the PCE has primarily employed qualitative and quantitative methods [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. When exploring the spatial distribution of land surface temperature (LST), certain urban areas have places with low temperatures, corresponding to ecological infrastructure, such as parks, rivers, green spaces, and lakes [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCE is affected by many factors, such as park patch characteristics, landscape composition, surrounding environment, and background climate [ 19 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The park area can explain more than 50% of the variation in the PCE in eastern China and is thus usually identified as the dominant factor [ 19 ]. The PCI is typically positively correlated with the complexity of geometry of parks, and thus the cooling effect of parks with complex shapes may be more significant [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions

Zheng

Liu

Dong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The enhancement of the park cooling effect (PCE) is one method used to alleviate the urban heat island (UHI). The cooling effect is affected by park factors; however, the importance of these factors in the case of the PCE is still unclear. Optimizing or planning urban parks according to the importance of the influencing factors can effectively enhance the PCE. Herein, we selected 502 urban parks in 29 cities in China with three different climatic regions and quantified the PCE based on the park cooling intensity (PCI) and park cooling area (PCA). Subsequently, the relative importance of the influencing factors for the PCE was compared to identify the main factors. Consequently, certain park planning suggestions were proposed to enhance the cooling effect. The results show that: (1) the PCE increased in the order of arid/semi-arid, semi-humid, and humid regions. (2) The main factors of the PCI differed significantly in different climatic regions; however, the waterbody within a park significantly affected the PCI in all three climates. However, for the PCA, park patch characteristics were the dominant factor, contributing approximately 80% in the three climates regions. (3) In arid/semi-arid and semi-humid regions, the optimal area proportion of waterbody and vegetation within the park were approximately 1:2 and 1:1, respectively, and the threshold value of the park area was 16 ha. In contrast, in the humid region, the addition of a waterbody area within the park, to the best extent possible, enhanced the PCI, and the threshold value of the park area was 19 ha. The unique results of this study are expected to function as a guide to future urban park planning on a regional scale to maximize ecological benefits while mitigating the UHI.

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Enhancing the city-level thermal environment through the strategic utilization of urban green spaces employing geospatial techniques

Gupta,

2024

Int J Biometeorol

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The influence of local background climate on the dominant factors and threshold-size of the cooling effect of urban parks

Cited by 81 publications

References 55 publications

Diverse cooling effects of green space on urban heat island in tropical megacities

Diverse cooling effects of green space on urban heat island in tropical megacities

Dominance of Influencing Factors on Cooling Effect of Urban Parks in Different Climatic Regions

Enhancing the city-level thermal environment through the strategic utilization of urban green spaces employing geospatial techniques

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