The influence of low indium composition ratio on sol–gel solution-deposited amorphous zinc oxide thin film transistors

Indium Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Fabrication Strategies, Properties, Applications, Challenges and Future Prospect

“…Indium oxide based nanostructured thin films have great significance owing to their variable band gap energy (3.2-3.8 eV) with high visible transparency, substantial environmental and chemical stability as well as high electron mobility and metal-like electrical conductivity [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. These nanostructured thin films have been fabricated ( Table 2) with excellent optical and electrical properties towards various applications [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. However, the thin films are mostly used as TCOs [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

“…Sol-gel coating technique such as dip coating, spin coating or sometimes drain coating (especially for large size and heavy weight substrate) is also a very much useful for development/fabrication of various functional nanostructured thin films that are suitable for the use especially in the field of microelectronics and optoelectronics [4,[34][35][36][37][38]. The coating technique can fulfill to obtain desired physical and optical properties of the nanomaterials [34][35][36][37][38]. In this respect, sol-gel coating technique as a facile fabrication strategy has already been established as cost effective one for deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films [34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…The coating technique can fulfill to obtain desired physical and optical properties of the nanomaterials [34][35][36][37][38]. In this respect, sol-gel coating technique as a facile fabrication strategy has already been established as cost effective one for deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films [34][35][36][37][38]. Among other thin film fabrication techniques such as sputtering, CVD, ALD, PVD, spray pyrolysis and ink-jet printing, sol-gel technique is become a convenient one where high chemical and environmental stabilities of the nanomaterials can be obtained [34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…In this respect, sol-gel coating technique as a facile fabrication strategy has already been established as cost effective one for deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films [34][35][36][37][38]. Among other thin film fabrication techniques such as sputtering, CVD, ALD, PVD, spray pyrolysis and ink-jet printing, sol-gel technique is become a convenient one where high chemical and environmental stabilities of the nanomaterials can be obtained [34][35][36][37][38]. Sol-gel coating techniques can be applicable to deposit a huge numbers of high-performance nanostructured IO based thin films including ITO, IZO, IZGO, ZIO, IAO, Sb-doped IO, Cd-ITO, Cr-ITO for various applications [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

“…IO based nanostructured thin films are immensely important due to their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties suitable for various applications like energy conversion, biological and chemical sensing, solar cells, thin film transistors etc. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of IO based nanostructured thin films are discussed in the next sub-sections.…”