The influence of machining condition and cutting tool wear on surface roughness of AISI 4340 steel

Natasha, A. R.; Ghani, Jaharah A; Haron, Che Hassan Che; Syarif, Junaidi

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/290/1/012017

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The experimental conditions are shown in Table 2. The range of parameter set-up was based on the machine's capability, manufacturer's tools, and studies from previous research by Natasha et al [24] and from the FEM simulation study for cutting temperature. The FEM simulation study found that the cutting temperature may reach above 700°C within this range of machining parameters, which will cause the phase transformation from austenite to martensite of AISI 4340.…”

Section: Machining Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic milling and formation of nanostructured machined surface of AISI 4340

Muhamad

Ghani

Haron

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology Reviews

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Hardened layers are commonly required for automotive components after their production using a machining process in order to enhance the service life of these components. This study investigates the possibility of producing a nanostructured machined surface which can increase the hardness of the machined surface by varying the machining parameters under cryogenic conditions in end milling of AISI 4340. The end milling experiments were performed using multi-layered TiAlN- and AlCrN-coated carbide. Prior to the experiment, a finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the cutting temperature generated and it had been found that at cutting speed of 200–300 m/min, feed rate of 0.15–0.3 mm/tooth, axial depth of cut of 0.3–0.5 mm, and radial depth of cut of 0.2–0.35 mm, the temperature generated can be sufficiently high to cause austenitic transformation. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with angle selective backscattered (AsB) detection analysis was used to investigate the microstructure and machined-affected layers of the machined surfaces. The crystallographic orientation/phase change and nano-hardness were analysed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a nano-hardness testing machine. The results showed that the cryogenic machining had significantly affected the surface integrity characteristics of the AISI 4340 alloy due to refined microstructure, favourable phase structure, and higher hardness near the surface layer. The results of this study may be useful in providing an insight into a potential technological shift from conventional surface case hardening processes to the present technique.

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Section: Machining Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic milling and formation of nanostructured machined surface of AISI 4340

Muhamad

Ghani

Haron

et al. 2020

Nanotechnology Reviews

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“…Lower cutting forces were required for machining the AISI 4340 grade steel with a low depth of cutting and axial feed rates when the hardness of the work part decreases 50 to 42 HRC [5]. For obtaining the required level of mechanical properties like strength, ductility, and hardness of AISI 4340 alloys that should be subjected to a heat-treated process like quenching and tempering, to satisfy the needed [8]. The thermomechanical hardening process generates a better-hardened layer and it will be a cost-effective method than other conventional hardening processes with special benefits like less production cost, waste reduction and minimize the cycle time [14].…”

Section: Significance Of 4340 Hardened Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryogen cutting fluids like helium, oxygen, methane, liquid nitrogen, ethane, and argon, etc. are used as a cutting fluid for reducing the cutting temperature during hard turning and it affects the outputs of machining like machining temperature, tool wearing, surface roughness and cutting forces [8]. MQL reduces the tool wear, improves the tooling life span and machined surface finish as associated with dry and show conditions while machining the AISI 4340 hardened steel, because of minimizing the cutting temperature.…”

Section: Cryogenic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be because of greater temperatures, which are made a higher cutting rate, which makes softer the workpiece. Thus, lesser forces required for machining and give improved machined surface value than cutting with lower speed [8]. Machined surface quality in harden material turning can be improved by choosing a combination of proper parameters, such as tool geometry and materials, details of work materials and cutting environs [36].The depth of the cut isn't too high impact the surface roughness value, however a slight increase by increasing the depth of cutting for harder material due to chatter [13].…”

Section: Analysis Of Machining Studies and Their Functional Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that the effects of axial feed are more important than machining speed for obtaining better surface roughness [8]. In hardly part machining, the higher hardness of material part, more machining force and excess heat generation at workpiece and tool leads to wear at the tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Comprehensive Review on AISI 4340 Hardened Steel: Emphasis on Industry Implemented Machining Settings, Implications, and Statistical Analysis

Bag

Panda

Sahoo

et al. 2020

IJIE

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Turning of hardened AISI 4340 steel is regarded as one of the demanding challenges in machining sectors where precision tolerances are essential for automobile parts. The AISI 4340 steel is broadly utilized in forged steel automotive crankshafts systems, hydraulic forged and additional machine tool purposes because of their improved characteristics. Moreover, one of the keys confronts in the machining of hard 4340 steel is the comparatively deprived machining behavior that reduces the functionality of the material and further leads to component rejection at the final inspection stage. In addition, accelerated tool wear necessitates for repeated changing of cutting tool that results in higher machining and tooling costs. This comprehensive review aimed to present in-depth features on the development of machining performances using various cutting tools. This review focus is to provide a broad perceptive of the role of controllable variables during machining of hardened steel. This review analysis examines the response variables and their advantages of chip morphology and heat generation. The comprehensive overview of machining settings, key machinability indicators and statistical analysis for AISI 4340 steel. This overview will provide academic, industrial and scientific communities with benefits and shortcomings through improved conceptual understanding towards further research and development.

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