The Influence of Magnesium on Visual Field and Peripheral Vasospasm in Glaucoma

Gaspar, Ana Zulema; Gasser, P.; Flammer, Josef

doi:10.1159/000310566

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium is a physiological calcium channel blocker that partially inhibits the effect of endothelin-1 [14] and improves blood flow [13]. A dosage of 10-20 mmol daily is recommended for adults to improve the regulation of blood flow [13,99]. For the patient, it is important to note that the different forms of magnesium contain different amounts of magnesium, and in case they are uncertain of the correct daily dosage of the particular magnesium supplement, they should refer to their pharmacist.…”

Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, we are slowly going to where the Eastern culture has been for hundreds of years back to the idea that food is medicine and that we cannot disassociate our health with what we eat. As ophthalmologists, we are doing no harm to the patient by providing them with additional information on nutrition and lifestyle for the following reasons: it is cheap, well accepted by the patient as it has a natural source and supports the FS patient with their subjective symptoms with some first studies showing objective improvements in measures such as increased retinal venous pressure [5,6], decreased systemic oxidative stress or improvements in peripheral blood flow [12][13][14]. It is important to note, however, that nutritional recommendations for people with FS are quite different than those with a metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional recommendations for individuals with Flammer syndrome

et al. 2017

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The Flammer syndrome (FS) describes the phenotype of people with a predisposition for an altered reaction of the blood vessels to stimuli like coldness or emotional stress.The question whether such people should be treated is often discussed. On the one hand, most of these subjects are healthy; on the other hand, FS seems to predispose to certain eye diseases such as normal tension glaucoma or retinitis pigmentosa or systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis or tinnitus. A compromise between doing nothing and a drug treatment is the adaption of nutrition. But what do we mean by healthy food consumption for subjects with FS? The adaption of nutrition depends on the health condition. Whereas patients with e.g. a metabolic syndrome should reduce their calorie intake, this can be counterproductive for subjects with FS, as most subjects with FS have already a low body mass index (BMI) and the lower the BMI the stronger the FS symptoms. Accordingly, while fasting is healthy e.g. for subjects with metabolic syndrome, fasting can even dangerously aggravate the vascular dysregulation, as it has been nicely demonstrated by the loss of retinal vascular regulation during fasting. To give another example, while reducing salt intake is recommended for subjects with systemic hypertensions, such a salt restriction can aggravate systemic hypotension and thereby indirectly also the vascular regulation in subjects with FS. This clearly demonstrates that such a preventive adaption of nutrition needs to be personalized.

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Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional recommendations for individuals with Flammer syndrome

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, these could explain how magnesium may have potential therapeutic effect in some diseases associated with perfusion abnormality via local microcirculatory disturbances and decreased blood flow such as NTG. Gaspar et al [56] evaluated the effect of oral magnesium therapy in 10 glaucoma patients (6 with open angle glaucoma and 4 with NTG with normal or drug normalized IOP). All patients had a cold-induced digital vasospasm.…”

Section: Putative Therapeutic Effect In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium: Effect on ocular health as a calcium channel antagonist

Korkmaz

Ekici²,

Tufan³

et al. 2013

J Clin Exp Invest

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ÖZETMagnezyum hücre zar fonksiyonlarını, düz kas kontraksiyonlarını ve enzimatik reaksiyonları etkileyerek pek çok metabolik sürece katılan fizyolojik bir kalsiyum kanal blokörüdür. Magnezyumun Endothelin-1 (ET-1) ve Nitrik Oksit (NO) yolakları vasıtasıyla endotel fonksiyonları-nı modifiye ederek dokulara kan akımında artışa neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Magnezyum aynı zamanda N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) reseptör ilişkili kalsiyum içe akımı-nı bloke ederek ve glutamat serbestleşmesini önleyerek nöroprotektif rol oynamakta ve hücreleri oksidatif stres ve apoptoza karşı korumaktadır. Hem kan akımında artışa neden olması hem de nöroprotektif etkileri magnezyumu glokom çalışmaları için iyi bir hedef molekül yapmaktadır. Magnezyumun retinada oksidatif stresi ve apoptozu azalttığı ve ganglion koruyucu etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bir takım çalışmalarda aynı zamanda magnezyumun diabetik hastalarda insulin resistansını azalttığı, glisemik kontrolü kolaylaştırdığı ve retinopatiyi önlediği gösterilmiştir. Magnezyumun lensteki iyon dengesinin sağlanmasında kritik önemi belirlenmiştir. Magnezyum eksikliğinin lentiküler oksidatif stresi arttırdığı ve iyon dengesini bozarak katarakt oluşumuna neden olduğu gösterilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: Magnezyum, kalsiyum kanal blokajı, glokom, nöroproteksiyon, diabetik retinopati, katarakt ABSTRACTMagnesium is the physiologic calcium channel blocker, involving in many different metabolic processes by maintaining cell membrane function, modulating smooth muscle contraction and influencing enzymatic activities. Magnesium has been shown to increase blood flow to tissues by modifying endothelial function via endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric Oxide (NO) pathways. Magnesium also exhibits neuroprotective role by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor related calcium influx and by inhibiting the release of glutamate, hence protects the cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Both increase in blood flow and its neuroprotective effect make magnesium a good candidate for glaucoma studies. Magnesium has been shown to decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal tissue and to have retinal ganglion cell sparing effect. A series of studies has been conducted about magnesium could decrease insulin resistance in diabetic patients, ease glycemia control and prevent diabetic retinopathy. Magnesium is found to be critically important in maintaining normal ionic homeostasis of lens. Magnesium deficiency has been shown to cause increased lenticular oxidative stress and ionic imbalance in the lens so trigger cataractogenesis. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (2): 244-251

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“…Magnesium, known as ''nature's physiological calcium blocker'' (Iseri, 1984), has also been studied regarding its impact on OBF. A small, non-randomised study has shown a statistically significant improvement in peripheral blood flow and a tendency to improve visual field scores in glaucoma patients (Gaspar, 1995). Other hypotensive medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists, have also been studied.…”

Section: Systemic Medications and Other Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%