The Influence of Map Design on Resource Management Decision Making

Abstract

The popular use of GIS and related mapping technologies has changed approaches to map-making. Cartography is no longer the domain of experts, and the potential for poorly designed maps has increased. This trend has raised concerns that poorly designed maps might mislead decision makers. Hence, an important research question is this: Can different cartographic displays of one data set so influence decision makers as to alter a decision that relies on the mapped data? This question was studied using a spatial decision problem typical for decision makers in a resource management agency in the United States (the USDA Forest Service). Cartographic display was varied by constructing three hypothetical map treatments from the same data set. Map treatments and other test materials were mailed to Forest Service District Rangers. All District Rangers received the same decision problem, but each received only one of the three map treatments. The participants were asked to make a decision using the decision problem and map treatment. Information about the decision and the influence of each map treatment was obtained through a questionnaire. The research and its implications for map-based decision making are presented and discussed.

Cartographic design and the quality of climate change maps

“…Maps have the power to inform or misinform, lead or mislead, clarify or confuse through the use or misuse of design principles (Lilley 2007;Carter 2004;McKendry 2000;Buttenfield 1996;Monmonier 1995;Buttenfield and Beard 1991;Petchenik 1983). For example, Tufte (1990Tufte ( , 1983 analyzes a broad range of information graphics (including charts, diagrams, graphs, tables, and maps) and documents the prevalence of 'graphic mediocrity' (due to lack of skill).…”

“…Here 'quality' refers not to the accuracy or reliability of the underlying data but to how data are cartographically displayed. The question is relevant because: (1) maps, including climate change maps, are increasingly made by individuals not trained in map design, (2) poor map design can hinder effective data analysis, understanding, and decision-making, and (3) poorly designed maps can distort information and mislead users (see Lilley 2007;Cassettari 2007;Carter 2004;McKendry 2000;Monmonier 1996).…”

Geointerpretation: The Interpretive Potential of Maps

“…However, due to the lack of knowledge in the interpretive profession about how visitors learn geographic information, many maps suffer from poor design and are not used to their full potential. Although experienced map users may be able to compensate for poorly designed maps (McKendry, 2000), the majority of visitors may miss important information.…”