The influence of marine environment on the conservation state of Built Heritage: An overview study

Morillas, Héctor; Maguregui, Maite; Gallego-Cartagena, Euler; Marcaida, Iker; Carral, Nerea; Madariaga, Juan Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140899

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…According to the housing type, the youngest age group (15-26 years) lived at home while the age ranging 27-39 years old commonly lived in apartments. The resident distribution sector changed by age, so the youngest individuals were highly concentrated in the tourism sector compared to the oldest age group (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). The ages ranging between 27-39 and 40-51 lived in a residential sector of the city.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well-known that the salinity in the marine atmospheres changes according to the winds (directions and velocity), distance from the coast, topographic, altitude, among others [80]. These factors have a strong influence in the deterioration of materials due to the salts, acid gases, particles, and carbonation and sulfation reactions contribute to the formation of crusts [18]. The results observed in the Table 3 show high deterioration degree for these materials, generated by high level of pollutants (SO 2 , Cl − ) and climate conditions; it is observed that sites of study are located near the sea and the industrial zone.…”

Section: Influence Of Pollution and Climate In The Deterioration Of A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aggressive pollutants that increase the deterioration processes of materials are gases such as SO 2 , NOx, O 3 , atmospheric particles (PM) [12,13], salt spray, organic acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs [9,[14][15][16]. Additionally, the effect of climate (temperature, relative humidity, (RH), precipitation and wind) [17] has a significant influence in the deterioration of materials in coastal areas [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

et al. 2021

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Limited studies have been carried out in emerging nations on the correlation among the environmental pollution, economic factors, and architectural heritage. For this reason, this research presents an assessment of environmental parameter values on materials deterioration used in architectural heritage in Cartagena de Indias; furthermore, it depicts the effect of heritage degradation on socioeconomic aspects of people whose livelihood depends on trade, tourism, and service activities. Dose-response functions were used for estimating of deterioration of carbon steel, copper, and zinc caused by relative humidity (RH), temperature (T), sulphur dioxide deposition (DSO2), and chloride deposition (DCl−). In addition, socioeconomic impact on architectural heritage was studied using a Socioeconomic Impact Survey (SEIS), with the sample of 174 individuals who work in areas of great architectural value in the city. The results show a corrosion rate (Vcorr) in the range of 80 < Vcorr < 200, 2.8 < Vcorr < 5.6 and 4.2 < Vcorr < 8.4 μm/year for carbon steel, copper, and zinc, respectively, due to the high level of pollutants. The high deterioration jointly with the lack of citizen culture affect the architectural heritage monuments causing a negative impact in several economic aspects. The establishment of public programs is essential for the conservation of the heritage monuments of the city.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influence Of Pollution and Climate In The Deterioration Of A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

et al. 2021

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“…acidic gases and basic gas of NH 3 , in the environment are posing increasingly risks to the ecosystem and public health due to the intensification of human activity. For instance, emitted SO 2 gas oxidation to SO 3 followed by reaction with water droplets (moisture) leads to the formation of acid rain (H 2 SO 4 ), which causes skin irritation and ulcers, decreases soil fertility, corrodes metallic objects and increases the acidity of water bodies [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition, CO 2 and NO 2 gas molecules can readily dissolve in the water droplets in clouds, causing the formation of H 2 CO 3 and HNO 3 , respectively, affecting natural balance of rivers, lakes and soils and damaging wildlife and vegetation [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Gas Sensors: From Air Quality and Environmental Monitoring to Healthcare and Medical Applications

et al. 2021

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In the last decades, nanomaterials have emerged as multifunctional building blocks for the development of next generation sensing technologies for a wide range of industrial sectors including the food industry, environment monitoring, public security, and agricultural production. The use of advanced nanosensing technologies, particularly nanostructured metal-oxide gas sensors, is a promising technique for monitoring low concentrations of gases in complex gas mixtures. However, their poor conductivity and lack of selectivity at room temperature are key barriers to their practical implementation in real world applications. Here, we provide a review of the fundamental mechanisms that have been successfully implemented for reducing the operating temperature of nanostructured materials for low and room temperature gas sensing. The latest advances in the design of efficient architecture for the fabrication of highly performing nanostructured gas sensing technologies for environmental and health monitoring is reviewed in detail. This review is concluded by summarizing achievements and standing challenges with the aim to provide directions for future research in the design and development of low and room temperature nanostructured gas sensing technologies.

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“…Knowing the chemical composition of the analyzed particles could allow to recognize the sources of the pollutants and to implement mitigation plans in the areas most subject to pollution. In many cities around the world, airborne particulate pollution has created serious damage to monuments and cultural heritage sites [30][31][32], and, if not promptly acted upon, fractures, black crusts, and other important deteriorations could be created on the surface of the buildings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Renaissance City of Ferrara

2021

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Atmospheric aerosols are today a key issue in air pollution, mostly related to public health. Two test areas in Ferrara, one in the city center (urban location) and one in the industrial area (industrial location), were studied in June–July 2016 using the SEM technique to identify the environmental impact of some potential pollutant sources. Collection was performed using adhesive tapes applied on the surface of road signs, which allows to select particulate matter moving on air with diffusion movement and to exclude the particles usually deposed by the gravitational process. Dimensional characterization has shown that, usually, smaller particles tend to aggregate themselves in bigger polycrystalline particles with the geometric diameter of up to 10 μm. Micro-analytical data have revealed a wide heterogeneous range of compositions: more abundant silicate followed by carbonate, chlorine, sulphate, carbon, and organic. This preliminary study has highlighted that the Renaissance city of Ferrara is affected by an environmental problem linked to the presence of particulate matter induced by industrial activities, as is the case with some of the most polluted cities in the world. The observations and analytical data pointed out the need for further investigation to better define the features of the fine particulate matter. This will be useful to preserve the cultural heritage of this Medieval-Renaissance city.

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The influence of marine environment on the conservation state of Built Heritage: An overview study

Cited by 19 publications

References 122 publications

Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

Impact of Environmental Pollution in the Sustainability of Architectural Heritage: Case Study from Cartagena of India, Colombia

Nanostructured Gas Sensors: From Air Quality and Environmental Monitoring to Healthcare and Medical Applications

Chemical Characterization of Particulate Matter in the Renaissance City of Ferrara

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