The Influence of Maternal Somatostatin Administration on Fetal Brain Cell Proliferation and its Relationship to Serum Growth Hormone and Brain Trophin Activity

Vr, Sara; Rutherford, Richard A.D.; Ga, Smythe

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1092697

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These hormones modulate cell division. Although most of the effects described have been in the postembryonic brain or in cell cultures, some data demonstrated or implied that maternal hormones, as well as embryonic growth factors, acting synergistically with endogenous opioids, might affect cell division in the embryonic brain (Sara et al . 1979; Balk et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids modulate cell division in the germinal zone of the late embryonic neocortex

Reznikov

Hauser

Nazarevskaja

et al. 1999

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Opioid effects on cell division in the embryonic cerebral cortex were examined using two experimental approaches: (i) the presence of opioid receptors in the embryonic day 16 mouse neocortex was tested using immunohistochemical techniques; (ii) the values of the indices of [3H]thymidine pulse labelled cells and mitotic indices were estimated in the ventricular zone of the embryonic day 16 mouse neocortex 2.5, 4.5 and 8.5 h after administration to pregnant females of selected opioid receptor agonists or the opioid antagonist naloxone. The immunohistochemical study demonstrated that distinct subpopulations of the ventricular zone cells express mu, delta or kappa opioid receptors. Acute exposure of mouse embryos to mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor agonists or naloxone differentially affects the indices of [3H] thymidine pulse labelled cells and mitotic indices indicating changes in the cell cycle composition. Treatment with the mu opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO), or the partially selective kappa opioid receptor agonist bremazocine, increased the [3H]thymidine labelling and mitotic indices. In contrast, the delta receptor agonist (D-Ser8)-leucine enkephalin-Thr (DSLET) produced a decrease in the labelled cell indices and mitotic indices. Naloxone provided a biphasic effect: a decrease in the values of labelled cell indices 2.5 h after naloxone administration, followed by an increase in the values of the indices at 4.5 and 8.5 h. These results suggest that the endogenous embryonic/maternal opioid systems are involved in the regulation of cell division in the ventricular zone of the late embryonic cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids modulate cell division in the germinal zone of the late embryonic neocortex

Reznikov

Hauser

Nazarevskaja

et al. 1999

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Fetal brain development: Several reports in the rat have raised the notion that maternally administered GH influences morphological and functional development of the fetal brain (345)(346)(347)(348)(349). However, fetal GH concentrations are undetectable after fetal decapitation (350), and by analogy to other species, it seems unlikely that GH can cross the rat placenta.…”

Section: Other Possible Actions Of Gh In the Fetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroendocrine Regulation and Function of Growth Hormone and Prolactin in the Mammalian Fetus*

1981

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“…However, GH may play a role in neu ronal proliferation during the fetal period [20] and/or placental growth [8], Recently it was demonstrated that maternal SS adminis tration decreased brain cell DNA synthesis [21] , Therefore, the low brain SS levels dur ing the fetal period will not only help main tain high circulating GH levels, but will have little or no influence on brain cell DNA syn thesis, at a time when neuronal proliferation is occurring rapidly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and Postnatal Developmental Changes in Hypothalamic and Pituitary Content of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Somatostatin in the Rat

Khorram¹,

McCann²

1984

Neonatology

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The developmental pattern of hypothalamic and pituitary somatostatin and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was studied in the rat by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Prenatally hypothalamic somatostatin was low and the first increase in content occurred on day 5 of the postnatal period. Pituitary somatostatin was undetectable prenatally and was first detected on day 6 postnatally. Pituitary somatostatin showed the same development pattern as hypothalamic somatostatin. Whole pituitaries were analyzed from the fetuses and neonates. Analysis of anterior and posterior lobes from adults revealed that all the somatostatin was in the posterior lobe. Therefore, it is believed that the somatostatin found in the glands of the younger animals was in the neural lobe. α-MSH was detected in the fetal hypothalamus as early as day 16, with a marked increase occurring on day 19 prenatally and a further increase on day 10 postnatally. Pituitary α-MSH content, readily detectable on the first day examined, i.e. day 16 of the fetal period, increased throughout development. The effect of α-MSH on the release of growth hormone in vitro from pituitaries of rats of various ages was tested. α-MSH had no effect on growth hormone release.

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The Influence of Maternal Somatostatin Administration on Fetal Brain Cell Proliferation and its Relationship to Serum Growth Hormone and Brain Trophin Activity

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Opioids modulate cell division in the germinal zone of the late embryonic neocortex

Opioids modulate cell division in the germinal zone of the late embryonic neocortex

The Neuroendocrine Regulation and Function of Growth Hormone and Prolactin in the Mammalian Fetus*

Pre- and Postnatal Developmental Changes in Hypothalamic and Pituitary Content of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Somatostatin in the Rat

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